A Functional Morphological Analysis of the Feeding Mechanismin Two Species of Galeomorph Sharks

两种巨鲨摄食机制的功能形态学分析

• 批准号: 9117371
• 负责人: Philip Motta
• 金额: $ 17.38万
• 依托单位: University of South Florida
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1992-04-01 至 1994-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9117371&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Functional; Morphological; Analysis; Feeding; Mechanismin

The biology of one of the oldest and most successful predators, sharks, has often intrigued scientists and amateurs. Sharks and their relatives, the skates and rays, originated from bony fish ancestors some 400 million years ago. Today they are the dominant predators of the oceans. Despite great interest in their feeding behaviors, there exists scant scientific knowledge of their feeding mechanisms. The anatomy of the heads and jaws of arguably the most successful group, the requiem or carcharhiniform sharks (tiger, lemon, hammerhead sharks), has been little studied. Dr. Philip Motta of the University of South Florida, with assistance from colleagues at the Mote Marine Laboratory and the Florida Institute of Technology, is studying the feeding mechanics and cranial anatomy of two groups of sharks with contrasting modes of feeding. These are biting and gouging lemon sharks, and suction and crushing nurse sharks. Descriptive study of jaw musculature and cranial nerves will be supplemented with high-speed photography of feeding behaviors and electromyography, to measure electrical signals controlling feeding movements. Detailed examination of the functional morphology of sharks will help in understanding the evolution of contrasting feeding styles in these marine predators, and in general will improve understanding of the origins of feeding behaviors in early vertebrate groups.

人类历史上最古老最成功的 捕食者鲨鱼经常引起科学家和业余爱好者的兴趣。 鲨鱼和它们的亲戚，冰刀鱼和鳐，起源于 4亿年前的硬骨鱼祖先 今天他们是 海洋中占统治地位的掠食者 尽管人们对 它们的摄食行为，科学知识很少 它们的进食机制。 头部和颌骨的解剖结构 可以说是最成功的团体，安魂曲或 carcharhiniform鲨鱼（老虎，柠檬，锤头鲨）， 很少被研究。 南佛罗里达大学的菲利普·莫塔博士， 来自Mote海洋实验室和 佛罗里达理工学院，正在研究喂养 力学和颅骨解剖学的两组鲨鱼， 不同的喂养方式。 这些是咬和挖柠檬 鲨鱼，还有吸鲨和压碎护士鲨 描述性研究 下颌肌肉组织和颅神经将补充 进食行为的高速摄影和肌电图， 以测量控制进食运动的电信号。 对鲨鱼功能形态学的详细研究将 有助于了解对比饲养方式的演变 在这些海洋掠食者中， 了解早期摄食行为的起源， 脊椎动物群。