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Dynamics of Late Pleistocene Vertebrate Extinctions: Absolute Chronologies Based on AMS 14C Dating

更新世晚期脊椎动物灭绝的动态：基于 AMS 14C 测年的绝对年表

基本信息

批准号：
9118683
负责人：
Thomas Stafford
金额：
$ 14万
依托单位：
University of Colorado at Boulder
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
1992
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1992-02-15 至 1995-01-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9118683&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Dynamics Late Pleistocene Vertebrate Extinctions

项目摘要

The extinction of at least 33 genera of large mammals ca 11,000 yr B.P. in the New World provides an excellent opportunity to study the dynamics of continental scale extinctions. Similar magnitude extinctions occurred throughout the Cenozoic and help define biostratigraphic Land Mammal Ages. Because the extinctions occurred within the range of radiocarbon dating, the Late Pleistocene events can be dated with the precision and accuracy needed to address ecological issues. By using accelerator mass spectrometry 14C dating of individual fossils, it is possible to date species to +80 years at 11,000 yr B.P. The proposed research will be the 14C dating of ~80-100 large mammal fossils representing at least 15 North American genera that have undergone major changes in geographic distribution. The dating will help establish 1) If extinctions occurred significantly after 10,800 yr B.P., 2) If genera went extinct over several millennia, or en masse over a few hundred years and 3) If Late Pleistocene biotic changes were at the level of individual species or entire animal communities. This research will be a major beginning for providing time control in the multidisciplinary FAUNMAP project, a synthesis of geographic ranges for Late Pleistocene and Holocene vertebrate faunas in North America.

大约公元前11000年，新大陆至少33属大型哺乳动物的灭绝为研究大陆尺度的物种灭绝动力学提供了一个极好的机会。类似规模的灭绝发生在整个新生代，这有助于确定陆地哺乳动物的生物地层年龄。由于灭绝发生在放射性碳定年的范围内，因此可以精确和准确地确定晚更新世事件的年代，以解决生态问题。利用加速器质谱法对单个化石进行14C测年，可以将物种的年代定在距今11000年的+80年。提议的研究将是~80-100个大型哺乳动物化石的14C测年，这些化石代表了至少15个北美属，它们在地理分布上发生了重大变化。这个年代测定将有助于确定：1)物种灭绝是否发生在距今10800年之后；2)物种是在几千年之后灭绝，还是在几百年之后大量灭绝；3)晚更新世的生物变化是在单个物种还是整个动物群落的水平上发生的。这项研究将为多学科FAUNMAP项目提供时间控制的重要开端，FAUNMAP项目是一个综合北美晚更新世和全新世脊椎动物动物群地理范围的项目。