Household Economic Organization and Community Integration: The Basis of Social Complexity in the Central Maya Lowlands

家庭经济组织和社区融合：中部玛雅低地社会复杂性的基础

• 批准号: 9121701
• 负责人: Anabel Ford
• 金额: $ 6.59万
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Barbara
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1992-01-01 至 1994-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9121701&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Household; Economic; Organization; Community; Integration

In the inhospitable lowland regions of Middle America, prehistoric Mayan peoples evolved a civilization which produced dramatic large scale architecture, a highly centralized class stratified society and which integrated large areas through well developed trade mechanisms. Although this phenomenon has intrigued archaeologists for almost a century, they still do not understand the processes which led to the emergence and maintenance of this society. Dr. Anabel Ford has worked for many years in the Belize River area of Belize. Based on extensive survey and the analysis of recovered materials, she has postulated a model of economic specialization in which household units living in slightly different environmental zones focussed on slightly different activities and then traded across these zones. This, she believes, provides the underlying basis for Mayan development in this area. With NSF support, Dr. Ford will excavate a series of small household sites located in one remaining zone which she has not studied in detail. This will set her survey data into a broader and more meaningful context and will provide a basis for cross zone comparison. She will conduct large scale horizontal exposures to uncover entire household units. The ceramics, chert and obsidian remains will be collected and analyzed to address three major questions: the character of the domestic economy; the kinds and degree of craft production and distribution; and the influence of local, regional and inter-regional exchange. Since both "elite" and peasant" households will be included in the sample, it should be possible to determine how such strategies are related to class. This research is important for several reasons. Although archaeologists have excavated many Mayan sites, the primary focus has been on large ceremonial centers. Dr. Ford's project, which concentrates on household structures will help to remedy this situation. The project includes an undergraduate student and will contribute to the development of a promising young scientist.

在中美洲荒凉的低地地区， 史前玛雅人进化出一种文明， 引人注目的大规模架构，高度集中的类 分层的社会，并通过良好的整合大面积 发达的贸易机制。 虽然这一现象 吸引了考古学家近世纪的兴趣，他们仍然没有 了解导致出现的过程， 维护这个社会。 阿纳贝尔福特博士为许多 在伯利兹的伯利兹河地区。 基于广泛 调查和分析回收的材料，她有 假设了一种经济专业化模式， 居住在略有不同的环境区的单位， 在略有不同的活动，然后在这些交易 区界限 她认为，这为以下方面提供了基础： 玛雅文明在这一地区的发展。 在国家科学基金会的支持下，福特博士将挖掘出一系列小型的 位于一个剩余区域的家庭用地， 详细研究 这将使她的调查数据成为一个更广泛的 和更有意义的背景，并将为交叉提供基础 区域比较 她将进行大规模的横向 暴露暴露于整个家庭单元。 陶瓷，燧石 和黑曜石遗骸将被收集和分析， 三大问题：国内经济的性质; 工艺品生产和销售的种类和程度; 地方、区域和区域间交流影响。 以来 “精英”和农民”家庭都将被纳入 样本，应该可以确定这些战略如何 与阶级有关。 这项研究之所以重要，有几个原因。 虽然 考古学家发掘了许多玛雅遗址， 都在大型的仪式中心 福特博士的项目， 集中注意家庭结构将有助于纠正这一点 形势 该项目包括一名本科生和 将有助于培养一个有前途的年轻人 科学家