Global Dimensions of Technological Change

技术变革的全球维度

• 批准号: 9122384
• 负责人: Joel Mokyr
• 金额: $ 11.31万
• 依托单位: Northwestern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1992-06-01 至 1995-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9122384&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Global; Dimensions; Technological; Change

The purpose of this research is to analyze the technological implications of globalization. Globalization is defined as a two pronged process moving toward the creation of a world-wide integrated economy. This process consists of the integration of factor and commodity markets and the international coordination of economic policies necessitated by global environmental problems, the growing need for product standards, and ever tighter macroeconomic linkages. Globalization affects all stages of technological creativity-- initial invention, survival, and diffusion. The over arching theme of this project is extremely important because it focuses on the issue of how globalization might affect the rate of invention, the diversity of new inventions, their likely survival, and their diffusion. The research will first develop evolutionary models of decreasing diversity that draw directly on the growing literature that recognizes technological change as an evolutionary process. An historical analysis of the relation between institutions and technological change suggests that a certain level of inter- economy competitiveness is essential for the preservation of technological creativity. The second part of the project will analyze the history of technology after 1871 from this point of view. Third, the project will focus on the political economy of technological progress by describing and analyzing resistance to it, using both historical and simulation techniques. This research is likely to suggest that a multitude of competitive economies is the best guarantee against such resistance. How globalization might affect this resistance will also be analyzed.

本研究的目的是分析全球化对技术的影响。全球化被定义为一个双管齐下的过程，旨在创造一个全球一体化的经济。这一进程包括要素和商品市场的一体化以及全球环境问题所必需的经济政策的国际协调、对产品标准日益增长的需要以及日益紧密的宏观经济联系。全球化影响到技术创新的所有阶段——最初的发明、生存和传播。这个项目的总体主题非常重要，因为它关注的是全球化如何影响发明的速度、新发明的多样性、它们可能的生存和传播。这项研究将首先建立多样性减少的进化模型，直接借鉴越来越多的文献，这些文献认为技术变革是一个进化过程。对制度与技术变革之间关系的历史分析表明，一定程度的经济间竞争力对于保持技术创造力至关重要。项目的第二部分将从这个角度分析1871年以后的技术史。第三，该项目将通过使用历史和模拟技术来描述和分析对技术进步的抵制，从而关注技术进步的政治经济学。这项研究很可能表明，众多竞争性经济体是抵御这种阻力的最佳保证。本文还将分析全球化如何影响这种阻力。