Presidential Young Investigator Award

这项总统青年研究员补助金涉及复杂流体和介观系统的研究。具体而言，研究将在三个一般领域进行。首先，在结晶液体的平衡和非平衡性质上，研究流动引起的非平衡临界点附近波动的作用；界面激发的谱和性质研究并研究了向列流体薄膜波动的影响。其次，在介观系统中的新型量子效应领域，将研究金属环中几何诱导的持续电流，并扩展到量子化场，包括光子和声子电流。最后，将研究圆盘和其他拓扑结构中的约瑟夫森效应。这个总统青年研究员奖将涉及凝聚态物理中当前感兴趣的主题的研究。将研究液晶的特性——一种介于固体和液体之间的物质状态。特别是，当液晶从一个相转变为另一个相时，波动对液晶性能的影响将被研究。研究也将在介观物理领域进行，这是一个介于量子力学应用和经典物理应用之间的区域。随着设备变得越来越小，这是一个可以进入的区域。

This Presidential Young Investigator grant involves the study of complex fluids and mesoscopic systems. In particular research will be conducted in three general areas. First, on equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties of crystalline liquids, studies will be made on the role of fluctuations in the vicinity of flow-induced non-equilibrium critical points; on the spectrum and properties of interfacial excitations; and on the effects of fluctuations in thin films of pre-nematic fluids. Second, in the area of novel quantum effects in mesoscopic systems, studies will be made on geometrically-induced persistent currents in metallic rings and extensions to quantized fields including photon and phonon currents. Finally, Josephson effects in discs and other topologies will be studied. %%% This Presidential Young Investigator award will involve research on topics of current interest in condensed matter physics. Studies will be made of the properties of liquid crystals - a state of matter intermediate between a solid and a liquid. In particular, the effects of fluctuations on the properties of the liquid crystal as it changes from one phase to another will be studied. Research will also be conducted in the area of mesoscopic physics which is a region intermediate between those in which quantum mechanics applies and in which classical physics applies. This is a region which is becoming accessible as devices become smaller.