Archaeological Excavation at Hayonim Cave

Hayonim 洞穴考古发掘

• 批准号: 9208163
• 负责人: Ofer Bar-Yosef
• 金额: $ 9.96万
• 依托单位: Harvard University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1992-06-01 至 1994-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9208163&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Archaeological; Excavation; Hayonim; Cave

With support from the National Science Foundation, Dr. Ofer Bar- Yosef and a large multinational group of collaborators will conduct archaeological research at the site of Hayonim Cave located in Israel. Hayonim contains deposits rich in lithics and faunal remains - as well as fragmentary human skeletal material - which span the time range of ca 160,000 - 120,000 years ago. Excavation and analysis will proceed over a two year period with a series of related goals. Materials will be collected for thermoluminescence and electron spin resonance dating of the deposits. If successful this will provide absolute age estimates. About 100 square meters of horizontal exposure will be obtained to permit recording and examination of hearths and spatial distributions of artifacts and bones. Each of these classes will be analyzed. Reseachers will reconstruct the lithic operational sequences employed for tool manufacture and microwear analysis will be conducted to determine tool function. Survey will be carried out to locate raw material sources. Data from a number of sources suggest that anatomically and behavioral modern humans first appeared in Africa perhaps 200,000 years ago and spread sequentially to other parts of the world. The Near East, as the gateway from Africa may provide essential data on this expansion. Work to date indicates that for a long span of time both modern humans and earlier "Neanderthal" forms either coexisted or alternated presence in the area. Just when the first modern humans arrived however is unknown and Dr. Bar Yosef's research directly examines the suspected period. Hayonim cave is worthy of concerted research because its deposits not only cover this time range but also contain well preserved faunal and lithic remains. This research is important for several reasons. It will provide data of interest to a large number of anthropologists. It will shed light on the emergence of modern humans and increase our knowledge of a little understood period of time.

在国家科学基金会的支持下，奥弗·巴尔-约瑟夫博士和一大批多国合作者将在位于以色列的哈奥尼姆洞穴遗址进行考古研究。哈奥尼姆拥有丰富的岩屑和动物遗骸--以及人类骨骼的碎片--跨越了大约16万-12万年前的时间范围。挖掘和分析将在两年内进行，并制定一系列相关目标。将收集材料用于沉积的热释光和电子自旋共振测年。如果成功，这将提供绝对年龄估计。将获得约100平方米的水平曝光，以记录和检查壁炉以及文物和骨骼的空间分布。我们将对其中的每一类进行分析。研究人员将重建用于工具制造的岩屑操作序列，并将进行微磨损分析以确定工具功能。将进行调查，以确定原材料来源。来自许多来源的数据表明，从解剖学和行为学上讲，现代人最早出现在大约20万年前的非洲，然后依次传播到世界其他地区。近东作为非洲的门户，可能会提供有关这一扩张的重要数据。迄今为止的研究表明，在很长一段时间里，现代人和早期的“尼安德特人”形态要么共存于该地区，要么交替存在。然而，第一批现代人到达的确切时间是未知的，巴尔·约瑟夫博士的研究直接检查了可能的时期。哈奥尼姆洞穴值得共同研究，因为它的沉积不仅覆盖了这一时间范围，而且还包含了保存完好的动物群和岩屑遗迹。这项研究之所以重要，有几个原因。它将提供大量人类学家感兴趣的数据。它将阐明现代人的出现，并增加我们对一段鲜为人知的时间的了解。