Archaeological Excavation at Hayonim Cave

在国家科学基金会的支持下，奥弗·巴尔博士- 约瑟夫和一个大型跨国合作组织将 在哈约尼姆洞穴遗址进行考古研究 位于以色列。哈约尼姆含有丰富的岩屑沉积物， 动物遗骸以及人类骨骼碎片 时间跨度大约在16万到12万年前。 挖掘和分析将在两年的时间内进行， 一系列相关目标。材料将被收集， 热释光和电子自旋共振测年 存款如果成功，这将提供绝对年龄估计。 将获得约100平方米的水平曝光 允许记录和检查炉膛和空间 文物和骨头的分布每个类都将 被分析。研究人员将重建石器操作 用于工具制造和微磨损分析的序列 以确定工具功能。调查将 寻找原材料来源。 来自多个来源的数据表明， 行为现代人最早出现在非洲， 几年前，并随后传播到世界其他地区。 近东作为非洲的门户， 关于此次扩张的数据迄今为止的工作表明， 现代人类和早期的“尼安德特人” 在该地区共存或交替存在。正当 然而，第一批现代人类的到来是未知的， Yosef的研究直接考察了可疑时期。哈约尼姆 洞穴是值得协调研究，因为它的存款不 不仅覆盖了这个时间段， 和石器遗迹 这项研究之所以重要，有几个原因。它将提供 大量人类学家感兴趣的数据。它将 揭示了现代人类的出现，并增加了我们的 一段时间以来，人们对知识的了解不多。

With support from the National Science Foundation, Dr. Ofer Bar- Yosef and a large multinational group of collaborators will conduct archaeological research at the site of Hayonim Cave located in Israel. Hayonim contains deposits rich in lithics and faunal remains - as well as fragmentary human skeletal material - which span the time range of ca 160,000 - 120,000 years ago. Excavation and analysis will proceed over a two year period with a series of related goals. Materials will be collected for thermoluminescence and electron spin resonance dating of the deposits. If successful this will provide absolute age estimates. About 100 square meters of horizontal exposure will be obtained to permit recording and examination of hearths and spatial distributions of artifacts and bones. Each of these classes will be analyzed. Reseachers will reconstruct the lithic operational sequences employed for tool manufacture and microwear analysis will be conducted to determine tool function. Survey will be carried out to locate raw material sources. Data from a number of sources suggest that anatomically and behavioral modern humans first appeared in Africa perhaps 200,000 years ago and spread sequentially to other parts of the world. The Near East, as the gateway from Africa may provide essential data on this expansion. Work to date indicates that for a long span of time both modern humans and earlier "Neanderthal" forms either coexisted or alternated presence in the area. Just when the first modern humans arrived however is unknown and Dr. Bar Yosef's research directly examines the suspected period. Hayonim cave is worthy of concerted research because its deposits not only cover this time range but also contain well preserved faunal and lithic remains. This research is important for several reasons. It will provide data of interest to a large number of anthropologists. It will shed light on the emergence of modern humans and increase our knowledge of a little understood period of time.