James McKeen Cattell: The Man of Science in Modern America

在讨论美国科学史的时候，不能不承认詹姆斯·麦肯·卡特尔(1860-1944)在科学史发展中所起的核心作用。他是一位在欧洲接受培训的心理学家，他的第一次实验直接导致了行为主义心理学的形成，他在1890年发起了第一个心理测试计划，作为创建应用心理学目标的一部分。然而，他对科学的主要贡献并不是在他所接受的培训领域。因为卡特尔在哥伦比亚大学和纽约科学界的出现中发挥了重要作用；他是《科学》杂志以及其他一些重要科学期刊的长期所有者和编辑；他创建了美国科学男性(现在的美国男性和女性科学)，并控制了美国科学促进会多年。因此，他的印记在现代美国科学的主要机构中留下了不可磨灭的印记。索卡尔博士正在对卡特尔的生活和工作进行一项重大研究。索卡尔博士辩称，卡特尔以植根于19世纪的对科学的理解来对待他的工作。他计划追溯卡特尔在20世纪的意义是如何直接从他19世纪的态度中产生的。这项研究承诺加强我们对美国科学是如何形成今天的组织的理解。

The history of science in America cannot be discussed without acknowledging the central role that James McKeen Cattell (1860- 1944) played in its development. He was a psychologist trained in Europe whose first experiments led directly to the formation of behavioralist psychology, and he originated the first program of mental tests in 1890 as part of a goal of creating an applied psychology. Yet his major contribution to science was not in the field in which he was trained. For Cattell played a major role in the emergence of Columbia University and the New York scientific community; he was a long-time owner and editor of the journal Science as well as a number of other important scientific periodicals; he created American Men of Science (now American Men and Women of Science) and controlled for many years the American Association for the Advancement of Science. His mark thus remains indelibly on the major institutions of modern American science. Dr. Sokal is undertaking a major study of Cattell's life and work. Dr. Sokal argues that Cattell approached his work with an understanding of science rooted in the 19th century. He plans to trace how Cattell's 20th century significance emerged directly from his 19th century attitudes. This study promises to enhance our understanding of how American science came to be organized as it is today.