The Modeling of Hailstorm and Hailstone Growth

本研究的目的是利用包含各种微物理结构和过程的二维和三维云模型，通过数值方法模拟冰雹的形成和生长。该研究将侧重于证明或反驳为Hailswath II现场项目开发的一系列假设。这些假说包括风暴中冰和冰雹胚胎的起源、冰雹的生长、喂养细胞的发展和风暴系统的主要上升气流。几个观察良好的案例研究将用于检验各种假设。来自合作对流降水实验（CCOPE）、北达科他州雷暴项目（NDTP）和艾伯塔省冰雹研究的案例已经发表，并为冰雹的发展和冰雹的动力学提供了出色的见解。其中一些情况已经在我们的二维散装水和20类冰雹模型中进行了模拟。使用这些模型和克拉克三维云模型的进一步模拟将用于与观测结果进行比较。该模型的一个重要发展将是在三维云模型的基本微物理中加入冰雹生长方程。

The object of this research is the simulation, by numerical means, of the initiation and growth of hail using two and three dimensional cloud models incorporating various microphysical structures and processes. The study will focus on proving or disproving a series of hypotheses developed for the Hailswath II field program. The hypotheses involve the origin of ice and hailstone embryos in the storms, the growth of hailstones, and the development of feeder cells and the main updrafts of the storm system. Several well-observed case studies will be used to test various hypotheses. Cases from the Cooperative Convective Precipitation Experiment (CCOPE), the North Dakota Thunderstorm Project (NDTP), and the Alberta hail study have been published and provide outstanding insights into the development of hail and the dynamics of the hailstorm. Some of these cases have been simulated in our two-dimensional bulk water and 20-category hail models. Further simulations using these models and the Clark three- dimensional cloud model will be used to compare with the observations. An important development of the model will be the addition of hailstone growth equations to the basic microphysics of the 3D cloud model.