Modeling of the Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System

热带海洋-大气系统的季节和年际变化受到各种过程的影响，这些过程目前还没有得到很好的了解。本研究包括以下主题领域的过程研究：1)热带海洋对流组织，2)对流驱动和边界层环流对年际地面风异常的贡献，3)气候辐合带和信风系统的结构，4)全球热带背景下的热带海气相互作用动力学，5)多模态海洋动力对ENSO结构和变率的影响。这些过程研究最有效的工具之一是数值模型，它比哥伦比亚大学/Lamont-Doherty地质观测站开发和使用的典型中间模型更通用、更完整，但也比典型的全球环流模型（GCMs）更简单、更容易解释、更有效。一个用于上面项目5的广义海洋模式已经研制完成，一个用于上面项目1和2的全球、球形、多层大气模式也几乎准备就绪。这个大气模型是在以前的国家科学基金会的支持下开发的。分析方法在很大程度上依赖于逆向计算，其中从业务分析或GCM模拟中得到的大气状态将用于推断适合于实际模拟的强迫场，从而有助于发展上述过程研究所需的参数化。

Seasonal and interannual variabilities of the tropical ocean- atmosphere system are affected by a variety of processes which at present are not well understood. This research includes process studies on such subject areas as: 1)the organization of convection over tropical oceans, 2)the contributions of convectively driven and boundary layer circulations to interannual surface wind anomalies, 3) the structure of the climatological convergence zones and trade wind systems, 4) the dynamics of tropical air-sea interaction in the context of the global tropics, and 5) the influence of multi-mode ocean dynamics on ENSO structure and variability. Among the most effective tools for these process studies are numerical models that are more general and more complete than the typical intermediate models developed and used at Columbia University/Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory and yet are simpler, more easily interpreted, and more efficient than the typical Global Circulation Models (GCMs). A generalized ocean model for use in item 5 above has already been developed and a global, spherical, multi-layer atmosphere model is nearly ready for application in items 1 and 2 above. This atmosphere model has been developed under previous National Science Foundation support. The methods of analysis draw heavily on inverse calculations, where atmospheric states derived from operational analyses or GCM simulations will be used to infer the forcing fields appropriate to realistic simulations, thereby assisting in the development of parameterizations necessary for the above process studies.