Role of the Axial Musculoskeletal System in Locomotion and Ventilation

9306466载体剧烈的运动需要加快新陈代谢的速度，所以对动物来说，为了维持剧烈的运动，它必须在奔跑时呼吸。蜥蜴不能同时做这两件事，因为通风所需的肌肉也参与运动，不能同时完成这两项功能。来自化石记录的证据表明，鸟类和哺乳动物的早期祖先可能也是以这种方式受到限制的。本研究旨在通过研究轴向肌肉骨骼系统在运动中的作用，增加我们对运动和呼吸系统之间机械联系的理解。有三个主要目标。用肌电图对绿鬣蜥和家犬的外轴肌和下轴肌的运动活动进行表征。这一信息在任何四足动物中都不为人所知。然后将狗、蜥蜴和负鼠在运动时的外肋间肌和内肋间肌的活动与肺部通气时的活动进行比较。他们的四肢在地面上施加的力的记录将与肌肉活动相关联，以测试肌肉功能的假设。这些研究将有助于更好地理解这些肌肉的功能，通过观察三种不同的动物，将有助于理解轴向肌肉-骨骼系统的进化。＊＊＊

9306466 Carrier Vigorous activity requires increased rates of metabolism, so for an animal to sustain vigorous locomotion, it must breathe as it runs. Lizards are unable to do both simultaneously, because the muscles required for ventilation are also involved in locomotion, and can not accomplish both functions at the same time. Evidence from the fossil record suggests that the early ancestors of birds and mammals were probably also restricted in this way. The research of this proposal aims to increase our understanding of the mechanical linkage between the locomorotr and ventilatory systems by investigating the role of the axial musculo-skeletal system in locomotion. There are three main goals. The locomotor activity of the epaxial and hypaxial muscles in green iguanas and domestic dogs will be characterized by electromyography. This information is not known for any tetrapod. Then the activity of the external and internal intercosatal muscles of dogs, lizards and opposums during locomotion will be compared to their activity during ventilation of the lungs. Recordings of the forces exerted by their limbs on the ground will be correlated with muscle acitivty to test hypotheses of muscle function. These stduies will result in a better understanding of the function of these muscles, and by looking at three different animals will aid in understanding the evolution of the axial musculo-skeletal system. ***