RPG: Molecular Tools for Studying Cotton Fiber Elongation

RPG：研究棉纤维伸长率的分子工具

• 批准号: 9306710
• 负责人: Carolyn Zeiher
• 金额: $ 1.8万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-07-01 至 1995-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9306710&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RPG; Molecular; Tools; Studying; Cotton

This is a research planning grant for women. Cell elongation depends on the irreversible extension of the cell wall and on hydraulic conductivity and turgor of the cell. The uptake and production of osmotically active solutes for maintenance of turgor is essential to maintain cell elongation for extended time periods. The cellular mechanisms that coordinate the osmoregulation of the cell and extension of the cell wall during cell elongation are poorly understood. Cotton fibers provide an excellent experimental system for studying molecular mechanisms regulating cellelongation. The fibers on the cotton ovule grow synchronously allowing fiber elongation to be followed developmentally. Each fiber is a single cell which eliminates the complications of cell division. In cotton fibers, malate is one of the osmotically active solutes responsible for the maintenance of turgor. As an initial step in ultimately identifying the signal transduction mechanism(s) responsible for coordinating osmoregulation and cell wall loosening, the regulation of PEP carboxylase, the enzyme involved in malate synthesis during fiber elongation, is being studied. Five isoforms of the fiber PEP carboxylase have been identified and are distinguishable by their electrophoretic mobility on SDS polyacrylamide gels. Two of these isoforms are preferentially expressed during maturation of fiber elongation. The immediate aim of this project is to determine how these different PEP carboxylase isoforms are produced. Two complimentary approaches will be taken: (1) isolation and characterization of the PEP carboxylase gene(s) and (2) purification and characterization of the different forms of the PEP carboxylase protein. These studies provide the necessary background to define thephysiological function of these different isoforms during fiber elongation and more specifically, the role of these isoforms in the osmoregulation of the fiber cell. The cotton fiber is commercially valuable in the manufacture of a large percentage of the world's textiles. Improved spinning systems and increased production speeds place increasing demands on the cotton fiber by the textile industry. Efforts to improve the fiber quality of existing cotton germplasm in terms of uniformity, strength and extensibility of the fiber are essential for the US to remain competitive in world markets. Defining the underlying regulatory mechanism(s) controlling fiber elongation utilizing modern molecular tools will be of immense importance in future development of breeding and genetic engineering strategies for improving the fiber's spin value.

这是一项针对妇女的研究规划补助金。 细胞伸长 取决于细胞壁的不可逆扩张， 细胞的水力传导性和膨压。 的摄取和 用于维持膨压的药理活性溶质的制备 是维持细胞延长时间所必需的。 细胞机制，协调的调节， 细胞和细胞壁在细胞伸长过程中的延伸， 不太了解。 棉纤维提供了一个很好的实验 系统研究调节细胞伸长的分子机制。 棉花胚珠上的纤维同步生长， 延伸要遵循发展。 每根纤维都是一根 细胞，消除了细胞分裂的复杂性。 在 棉花纤维中，苹果酸是一种具有药理活性的溶质 负责维持膨压。 最初步骤 最终确定信号转导机制 负责协调细胞壁和细胞外基质的调节， 松动，PEP羧化酶的调节，酶参与 在纤维伸长过程中苹果酸的合成，正在研究中。 已经鉴定了纤维PEP羧化酶的五种同工型， 通过其在SDS上的电泳迁移率进行区分 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶 这些同种型中的两种优先被 在纤维伸长的成熟过程中表达。 它的直接目标 这个项目的目的是确定这些不同的PEP羧化酶 产生同种型。 将采取两种相辅相成的办法： (1)PEP羧化酶基因的分离和表征 和（2）不同形式的 PEP羧化酶蛋白。 这些研究提供了必要的 背景来定义这些不同的生理功能 在纤维伸长过程中的同种型，更具体地， 这些异构体在纤维细胞的转录调控中起重要作用。 棉纤维在制造纺织品中具有商业价值。 占世界纺织品的很大一部分。 改进的纺纱 系统和提高的生产速度对以下方面提出了越来越高的要求： 棉纤维被纺织工业。 努力改善 现有棉花种质在均匀性方面的纤维品质， 纤维的强度和延展性对于美国来说是必不可少的， 在国际市场上保持竞争力。 定义底层 控制纤维伸长的调节机制， 现代分子工具在未来将是极其重要的 发展育种和基因工程战略， 从而提高纤维的纺丝值。