Optical Studies of the Dynamics and Energetics of the High Latitude Thermosphere and Upper Mesosphere from Sondre Stromfjord and Thule Air Base, Greenland

9311196 Ryan这个项目将研究为什么动物在孵化时孵化，以及孵化的时间如何影响它们的生存。一种两栖动物，Agalychnis callidryas将其卵产在悬在池塘上方的植物上，当蝌蚪孵化时落入水中。蝌蚪可以在5天大的时候孵化，如果它们受到攻击，它们会这样做以逃避吃蛋的蛇。然而，不受干扰的蝌蚪通常会延迟几天孵化。它们继续在卵内生长，然后孵化它们比较小的，早期孵化的蝌蚪更不容易受到水生捕食者的攻击。在胚胎和蝌蚪面临风险的背景下，拟议的研究考察了孵化过程中发育和行为灵活性对生存的影响。许多动物在生命的不同阶段生活在不同的环境中，大多数动物都是孵化的。动物在进行这种变化时所面临的问题是普遍的，但在许多系统中，在自然条件下只能研究这两个阶段中的一个。这项关于孵化时间变化对红眼树蛙卵和幼虫影响的研究将有助于我们对红眼树蛙行为和生态学的理解。它还将提供关于这一引人注目的热带雨林物种的生态学的详细信息，特别是它在生命的关键阶段与捕食者的相互作用。***小格式大格式大容量盒式环境手动饲料信件质量近信件质量备忘录草案9311196瑞安这个项目将调查为什么动物孵化时孵化，以及孵化的时间如何影响它们的生命​@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @

9311196 Ryan This project will investigate why animals hatch when they hatch, and how the timing of hatching affects their survival. An amphibian species, Agalychnis callidryas lay its eggs on plants overhanging ponds, and the tadpoles fall into the water when they hatch. Tadpoles are able to hatch as early as 5 days old and will do so to escape from egg-eating snakes, if they are attacked. Undisturbed tadpoles, however, usually delay hatching for several days. They continue growing, inside the egg, and then they hatch they are less vulnerable to aquatic predators than are the smaller, early-hatching tadpoles. The proposed research examines the effect on survival of developmental and behavioral flexibility in hatching, in the context of risks facing embryos and tadpoles. %%% Many animals live in different environments at different stages in their lives, and most animals hatch. The problems facing animals making such changes are general, but in many systems only one of the two stages is accessible to study under natural conditions. This study of the effects of changes in hatching time on both the eggs and larvae of the red-eyed treefrog will add to our understanding of behavior and ecology. It will also provide detailed information on the ecology of this high profile rainforest species, particularly its interactions with its predators at a crucial life stage. *** Small Format Large Format Large Capacity Cassette Env Manual Feed Letter Quality Near Letter Quality Memo Draft 9311196 Ryan This project will investigate why animals hatch when they hatch, and how the timing of hatchi ng affects their s 5 F | | ( Times New Roman Symbol & Arial z z z " h gz Egz E t N Abstracts Tree-frogs Elizabeth M. Behrens Elizabeth M. Behrens