Primary Productivity in Antarctic Pack Ice

南极浮冰的初级生产力

• 批准号: 9317380
• 负责人: James Kremer
• 金额: $ 6.78万
• 依托单位: University of Southern California
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-02-01 至 1996-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9317380&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Primary; Productivity; Antarctic; Pack; Ice

Kremer 9317380 Models and estimates of primary production and biogeochemical cycling in the Southern Ocean must account for processes occurring in at least four distinct regions: the open ocean, the marginal ice edge zones, the pack ice zone, and the coastal regions. Of these regions, the least studied is the pack ice zone, where rates of primary production and nutrient cycling remain unknown. This is due to it's relative inaccessibility and the present lack of remote sensing technology to evaluate the potential for primary production in ice or ice covered waters. Therefore, assessing primary production and nutrient cycling in pack ice requires either ice breaking capabilities and/or the establishment of temporary remote facilities. During 1992, the first drifting ice station in Antarctic waters, Ice station Weddell #1 (ISW-1) was established in the perennial pack ice of the Western Weddell Sea. ISW-1 provided a platform for conducting the first time-series investigations assessing primary production, nutrient cycling and net accumulation of biogenic particulate matter in Antarctic pack ice. During ISW-1 operation, additional ice cores were obtained by the ice physics group and are now archived at the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratories (CRREL). Processing these cores for the determination of biomass (as pigments, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen) and biogenic silica will compliment the existing ISW- 1 biological data set, and extend the assessment of the new production/accumulation of biogenic particulate matter to include additional study sites and ice types that were not analyzed during routine ISW-1 operations. Additionally, studies of primary production, biomass distributions and nutrients in pack ice will be extended to the Bellingshausen and Amundsen seas through a cruise in August and September 1993. This project will provide the resources and time necessary for processing samples collected at CRREL and from the Bellingshau sen-Amundsen seas and for the interpretation of the results. The data sets generated from ISW-1 operations and the Bellingshausen-Amundsen cruise will extend the knowledge of the relative contribution of biogenic particulate matter in the Southern Ocean and will be utilized in the construction of or as verification of pack ice primary production and nutrient cycling models presently under development. ***

南大洋初级生产和生物地球化学循环的模型和估计必须考虑到发生在至少四个不同区域的过程：公海、边缘冰缘带、浮冰带和沿海地区。在这些区域中，研究最少的是浮冰区，那里的初级生产速率和养分循环速率仍然未知。这是因为它相对难以接近，而且目前缺乏遥感技术来评估在冰或冰覆盖的水域进行初级生产的潜力。因此，评估浮冰的初级生产和养分循环需要破冰能力和/或建立临时的远程设施。1992年，在西威德尔海常年浮冰上建立了南极水域第一个漂流冰站威德尔1号（ISW-1）。ISW-1为进行第一次时间序列调查提供了一个平台，以评估南极浮冰的初级生产、营养循环和生物源颗粒物质的净积累。在ISW-1运行期间，冰物理组获得了额外的冰芯，现在存档在寒冷地区研究和工程实验室（CRREL）。处理这些岩心以测定生物量（如色素、颗粒有机碳和氮）和生物成因二氧化硅，将补充现有的ISW-1生物数据集，并扩展对生物成因颗粒物质新生产/积累的评估，包括在常规ISW-1操作中未分析的额外研究地点和冰类型。此外，将通过1993年8月和9月的一次巡游，把对浮冰的初级生产、生物量分布和营养物质的研究扩展到别林斯豪森海和阿蒙森海。该项目将提供必要的资源和时间，用于处理在CRREL和从别令绍森-阿蒙森海收集的样品，并解释结果。ISW-1号作业和别林斯豪森-阿蒙森巡航所产生的数据集将扩大对南大洋生物成因颗粒物质的相对贡献的认识，并将用于建立或核查目前正在开发的浮冰初级生产和营养循环模型。＊＊＊