Dissertation Research: The Application of Human Alu Diversity to A Model of Sudden Population Expansion

摘要在过去的十年中，分子技术在人类遗传多样性调查中的应用得到了广泛的应用。这些研究的目的是澄清人类的进化过程。艾伦·威尔逊（Alan Wilson）实验室的一项特别研究，开启了对系统发育树的信息内涵、它们的潜在假设以及它们在可靠地推断过去进化事件方面的潜在作用的一段蓬勃研究时期。第二个理论推动力集中在古代人口增长对一种分子数据的影响上：个体之间成对突变差异的分布（称为错配分布）。在遥远的过去，人类的不匹配分布应该保留了人口扩张和矛尖的记录。在3万到18万年前，已经确定了不同种群的扩张时间，而重大的扩张发生在旧石器时代中晚期和晚期（4万到12.5万年前）。从这类研究中出现的最新假设围绕着旧石器时代中期逐渐走出非洲，随后在旧石器时代晚期出现了人口快速增长的区域性事件，尽管目前所有的推断都是基于单一基因位点的变异。该项目将通过分析Alu重复序列来满足对种群多样性的多种独立测量的理论需求。它还将进一步提高优秀青年科学家的技术能力。* * * P人类学\ jfried \ \ 9318826。腹肌​!！ ！ D H H (Times New Roman Symbol & Arial D D D " H t Est E = Jonathan Friedlaender

ABSTRACT P.I. Mark Stoneking/Steve Sherry SBR- 9318826 The last decade has seen the adoption of molecular technology in surveys of human genetic diversity. The purpose of these studies has been a clarification of the human evolutionary process. One study in particular, from Alan Wilson's lab, initiated a vigorous period of research on the information contint of phylogenetic trees, their underlying assumptions and their potential role in reliably inferring past evolutionary events. A second theoretical impetus centers on the effecto of ancient population growth on a type of molecular data: the distribution of pairwise mutational differences between individuals (called the mismatch distribution). Human mismatch distributions should preserva record of popuations expansions and spearations in the remote past. Expansion times have been identified for different populations from 30,000 to 180,000 years ago, and that significant expansion occurred during thelate middle and upper Paleolithic (40,000 to 125,000 years ago). The latest hypothesis to emerge from these sorts of studies center around a gradual Middle Paleolithic migration out of Africa followed by later regional episodes of rapid population growth during the Upper Paleolithic, although all inference is currently based on variation at a single genetic locus. This project will satisfy the theoretical needs for multiple, independent measures of population diversity, by analyzing Alu repeats. It will also further the technical capabilities of an excellent young scientist. *** P\anthro\jfried\9318826.abs ! ! ! D H H ( Times New Roman Symbol & Arial D D D " h Tt Est E = Jonathan Friedlaender Jonathan Friedlaender