Late Quaternary Paleoceanography of the Arctic Ocean

9400255布里格斯研究项目由北极系统科学（ARCSS）全球变化研究项目和极地项目办公室的极地地球科学项目资助。研究将围绕一个独特的和密集的，多学科的研究考察北冰洋的部分，从未被广泛研究过。1994年美国/加拿大北冰洋科是与加拿大的一项合作努力，1994年夏季将有大约60名科学家乘坐加拿大和美国的破冰船。nsf资助的项目将集中于水文、生物学、古和海冰研究。从北冰洋几个地区收集的数据将是有史以来的首批数据之一，这些数据将与提高我们对北极如何成为全球气候条件变化的一个指标，以及它如何影响温带海洋和地区的物理、化学和生物特征的理解高度相关。这项工作是古海洋学合作项目的一个组成部分。工作将包括研究在本节期间收集的沉积物样本中所含的介形类，以及加拿大地质调查局从北冰洋其他几个地点，包括加拿大北部北极群岛收集的现有表层沉积物。介形虫是小型的钙质双壳类甲壳类动物，一些底栖海洋介形虫在狭窄的范围内与几种环境变量相适应，其中最重要的是温度、盐度、溶解氧、营养物质和底物。因此，介形虫在海底的分布反映了海底的情况，使它们成为地质时期水团变化和环流异常的理想监测仪。以前的研究表明介形类对水体历史的古海洋学重建是有用的。这项工作将更好地理解现代介形类、水团和北极测深之间的关系；中深水介形类和深水介形类与大西洋和太平洋动物群之间的关系，以及在全新世、末次冰期，可能还有整个布伦尼斯世期间的动物群历史和推断的海洋历史。

9400255 Briggs Research supported by this grant is under the Arctic Systems Science (ARCSS) Global Change Research Program and the Polar Earth Science Program in the Office of Polar Programs. The research will be centered around a unique and intensive, multidisciplinary research expedition to parts of the Arctic Ocean that have never been extensively studied. The 1994 U.S./Canada Arctic Ocean Section is a collaborative effort with Canada that will involve approximately 60 scientists on a Canadian and a U.S. icebreaker during summer 1994. NSF-funded projects will focus on hydrography, biology, paleo-, and sea-ice studies. Data collected will be amongst the first ever from several regions of the Arctic Ocean and will be highly relevant to improving our understanding of how the Arctic is an indicator of changing global climate conditions and how it affects the physical, chemical, and biological features of the more temperate oceans and regions. This work is a component of the collaborative paleoceanographic program. Work will involve research on ostracodes contained in sediment samples to be collected during the Section as well as from existing surface sediments collected by the Geological Survey of Canada, from several other Arctic Ocean sites, including the northern Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Ostracodes are small calcareous bivalved crustaceans, and some benthic marine ostracodes are attuned, within narrow limits, to several environmental variables, the most important of which are temperature, salinity, dissolved O2, nutrients, and substrate. Their distribution on the sea floor therefore reflects bottom water conditions, making ostracodes ideal monitors of water mass changes and circulation anomalies through geological time. Previous investigations have suggested that ostracodes are useful for paleoceanographic reconstructions of water-mass history. This work will provide a better understanding of the relationship between modern ostracodes, water masses, and Arctic bathymetry; of the relationship between intermediate depth and deep water ostracodes and Atlantic and Pacific faunas, and of faunal history and inferred ocean history during the Holocene, the Last Glaciation, and possibly the whole of the Brunhes Epoch.