Late Quaternary Paleoceanography of the Arctic Ocean

9400255布里格斯研究由本补助金支持是根据北极系统科学（ARCSS）全球变化研究计划和极地计划办公室的极地地球科学计划。 该研究将围绕一个独特的和密集的，多学科的研究考察北冰洋的部分地区，从来没有被广泛研究。 1994年美国/加拿大北冰洋科是与加拿大的一项合作努力，将有大约60名科学家在1994年夏季乘坐一艘加拿大和一艘美国破冰船。 NSF资助的项目将侧重于水文学、生物学、古生物学和海冰研究。 收集的数据将是北冰洋几个地区有史以来的第一批数据，将有助于我们更好地了解北极如何成为全球气候变化的指标，以及它如何影响更温和的海洋和地区的物理，化学和生物特征。 这项工作是古海洋学合作计划的一个组成部分。 这项工作将涉及研究在该部分收集的沉积物样品中所含介形类，以及加拿大地质调查局从其他几个北冰洋地点，包括加拿大北极群岛北方收集的现有表层沉积物中所含介形类。 介形类是小型钙质双壳甲壳类，一些底栖海洋介形类在狭窄的范围内适应几个环境变量，其中最重要的是温度，盐度，溶解O2，营养物质和基质。 因此，介形虫在海底的分布反映了底层水的状况，使介形虫成为地质时期水团变化和环流异常的理想监测者。 以往的研究表明介形类是有用的古海洋学重建的水团历史。 这项工作将提供一个更好的理解现代介形类，水团和北极测深之间的关系;中间深度和深水介形类和大西洋和太平洋动物群之间的关系，动物群的历史和推断的海洋历史在全新世，末次冰期，并可能整个Brunhes时代。

9400255 Briggs Research supported by this grant is under the Arctic Systems Science (ARCSS) Global Change Research Program and the Polar Earth Science Program in the Office of Polar Programs. The research will be centered around a unique and intensive, multidisciplinary research expedition to parts of the Arctic Ocean that have never been extensively studied. The 1994 U.S./Canada Arctic Ocean Section is a collaborative effort with Canada that will involve approximately 60 scientists on a Canadian and a U.S. icebreaker during summer 1994. NSF-funded projects will focus on hydrography, biology, paleo-, and sea-ice studies. Data collected will be amongst the first ever from several regions of the Arctic Ocean and will be highly relevant to improving our understanding of how the Arctic is an indicator of changing global climate conditions and how it affects the physical, chemical, and biological features of the more temperate oceans and regions. This work is a component of the collaborative paleoceanographic program. Work will involve research on ostracodes contained in sediment samples to be collected during the Section as well as from existing surface sediments collected by the Geological Survey of Canada, from several other Arctic Ocean sites, including the northern Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Ostracodes are small calcareous bivalved crustaceans, and some benthic marine ostracodes are attuned, within narrow limits, to several environmental variables, the most important of which are temperature, salinity, dissolved O2, nutrients, and substrate. Their distribution on the sea floor therefore reflects bottom water conditions, making ostracodes ideal monitors of water mass changes and circulation anomalies through geological time. Previous investigations have suggested that ostracodes are useful for paleoceanographic reconstructions of water-mass history. This work will provide a better understanding of the relationship between modern ostracodes, water masses, and Arctic bathymetry; of the relationship between intermediate depth and deep water ostracodes and Atlantic and Pacific faunas, and of faunal history and inferred ocean history during the Holocene, the Last Glaciation, and possibly the whole of the Brunhes Epoch.