Information Processing in Social Context

社会背景下的信息处理

• 批准号: 9407058
• 负责人: Robert Wyer
• 金额: $ 10.7万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-08-01 至 1997-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9407058&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Information; Processing; Social; Context

9407058 Wyer ABSTRACT This research is part of a continuing investigation of the cognitive processes that mediate the use of information about people and events to make social judgments and decisions. Previous research has focused largely on the interpretation of and reactions to information that is presented out of its social context. Consequently, the factors that underlie the comprehension of and reactions to information that is exchanged in a conversation or in other social situations are not well understood. The present research addresses this question by investigating the determinants of reactions to a particular type of social information-- that which is intended to elicit humor. Specifically, the conditions in which such information has the intended effect as opposed to eliciting other types of reactions (anger, confusion, or no reaction at all) will be investigated. The results will contribute to the understanding of those factors that underlie the identification of statements as witticisms rather than serious attempts to criticize or to convey hostility or prejudice. In its initial stages, (1) the cognitive processes that underlie the comprehension of jokes will be identified, and the situational, informational and individual difference variables that influence these processes will be examined. Then, (2) the processes that underlie the identification of witticisms of the sort that occur in conversations will be investigated. In later phases of the research, the factors that govern the communication and identification of humor in actual social interaction situations will be determined. When information is exchanged in a conversation or in other social situations, its interpretation depends partly on perceptions of why the information is being conveyed (to persuade, to criticize, to entertain, to tease, or simply to transmit new knowledge). It also depends on recipients' prior knowledge about the referent of the information, other communications about the referent that have preceded it, and the communication's source. Depending on this knowledge, information can elicit several different reactions--anger, sadness, or amusement. The factors that determine whether communications, such as sexist or ethnic stories and comments, provoke anger rather than amusement are poorly understood. Yet, the nature of these reactions can be an important mediator of attitudes toward both the referent of the communications and their source. In addition to its theoretical implications for an understanding of humor elicitation and social perceptions, the results of this research will contribute to the understanding of how to minimize miscommunication in social interactions. ***

9407058 Wyer 摘要 这项研究是对认知过程的持续调查的一部分，该认知过程调解使用有关人和事件的信息来做出社会判断和决策。 先前的研究主要集中在对脱离其社会背景的信息的解释和反应。因此，人们对对话或其他社交场合中交换的信息的理解和反应的因素还没有得到很好的理解。本研究通过调查对特定类型的社会信息（旨在引发幽默的信息）反应的决定因素来解决这个问题。 具体来说，将调查此类信息在何种条件下具有预期效果而不是引发其他类型的反应（愤怒、困惑或根本没有反应）。 研究结果将有助于理解那些将言论识别为俏皮话而不是认真尝试批评或传达敌意或偏见的因素。在其初始阶段，（1）将识别笑话理解背后的认知过程，并检查影响这些过程的情境、信息和个体差异变量。然后，（2）将研究识别对话中出现的俏皮话的过程。在研究的后期阶段，将确定在实际社交互动情境中控制幽默沟通和识别的因素。 当在对话或其他社交场合中交换信息时，其解释部分取决于对信息传递原因的看法（说服、批评、娱乐、戏弄或只是传播新知识）。它还取决于接收者对信息所指对象的先验知识、先前有关该所指对象的其他通信以及通信的来源。根据这些知识，信息可以引起几种不同的反应——愤怒、悲伤或娱乐。人们对决定性别歧视或种族故事和评论等交流是否激起愤怒而不是娱乐的因素知之甚少。然而，这些反应的性质可能是对通信对象及其来源的态度的重要调节因素。 除了对理解幽默引发和社会认知的理论意义外，这项研究的结果还将有助于理解如何最大限度地减少社交互动中的沟通不畅。 ***