RPG: Pollinator-Mediated Selection on Flower Color in Snapdragons (Antirrhinum: Scrophulariaceae)

9407790个琼斯传粉者可以强烈地影响它们访问的植物的繁殖成功。因此，花的变异受制于传粉者行为所介导的自然选择。理论模型表明，在理想化的情况下，生育力的选择如何影响一代又一代可选等位基因的相对频率。许多田间研究表明，传粉者的访问模式与雄株和/或雌株的繁殖成功有关。然而，理论和实证工作尚未结合在一起，以准确预测传粉者介导的下一代植物选择的准确结果。仔细研究单个性状的微进化将有助于深入了解传粉者对植物种群的选择机制。生殖成功的男性和女性对两种花型的不同适合度是否同样负有责任？如果一个受欢迎的性状由显性或隐性等位基因控制，它的频率会增加得更快吗？选择依赖于种群中花朵表型的相对频率吗？PI的研究目的是解决传粉者介导的单基因座花卉性状选择的这些问题。在长期实验开始之前，本提案中描述的规划活动将解决几个重要问题。首先，PI将确定使用传粉者观察和/或花粉移动的间接测量来估计相对于多态的颜色变体和交配模式(随机或非随机)的相对繁殖成功的可行性。初步实验将调查：1)除花色外，是否存在可能影响传粉者行为或植物适合性的表型差异；2)传粉者访视与海龙的花粉输出和接收之间有什么关系；3)是否存在授粉后的过程(受精或种子成熟)，这些过程对于基因来说是否是非随机的，因此需要在选择模型中考虑在内。骁龙-大黄蜂的相互作用似乎是研究传粉者介导性选择的一个很好的系统。对这些重要的初步问题的调查将确切地决定选择实验将如何进行。

9407790 Jones Pollinators can strongly influence the reproductive success of the plants they visit. Floral variation is therefore subject to natural selection mediated by pollinator behavior. Theoretical models have shown how selection on fertility can affect the relative frequencies of alternative alleles from one generation to the next in idealized situations. Many field studies have indicated that pollinator visitation patterns are correlated with male and/or female plant reproductive success. However, theory and empirical work have not yet been put together to predict accurately the precise outcome of pollinator-mediated selection for the next generation of plants. Close examination of the microevolution of a single trait will yield insights into the mechanisms of selection by pollinators on plant populations. Are male and female components of reproductive success equally responsible for differential fitness of two floral phenotypes? Would a favored trait increase more quickly in frequency if it is controlled by a dominant or a recessive allele? Is selection dependent on the relative frequencies of the floral phenotypes in a population? The purpose of the PI's research is to address these questions about pollinator-mediated selection on single-locus floral traits. The planning activities described in this proposal will address several important questions before the long-term experiments begin. First, the PI will determine the feasibility of using pollinator observations and/or indirect measures of pollen movement to estimate the relative reproductive success of the color morphs and the pattern of mating (random or non-random) with respect to the polymorphism. The preliminary experiments will investigate: 1) whether there are phenotypic differences other than flower color between the genotypes that might affect pollinator behavior or plant fitness; 2) what the relationships are between pollinator visitation and pollen export and receipt for snapdragons, and 3) whether there ar e any postpollination processes (fertilization or seed maturation) that are nonrandom with respect to genotype and therefore need to be taken into account in the selection model. The snapdragon-bumblebee interaction appears to be an excellent system for the study of pollinator-mediated selection. Investigation of these important preliminary questions will determine exactly how the selection experiments will proceed.