Chemical Ecology of Jasmonates as Signals for an Inducible Defense

茉莉酸作为诱导防御信号的化学生态学

• 批准号: 9507180
• 负责人: Ian Baldwin
• 金额: $ 15万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Buffalo
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-09-01 至 1998-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9507180&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Chemical; Ecology; Jasmonates; Signals; Inducible

9507180 Baldwin Leaf damage by herbivores in Nicotiana sylvestris (Solanaceae) produces a damage signal which dramatically increases de novo nicotine synthesis in the roots. The increased synthesis leads to increases in whole-plant nicotine pools, which in turn make plants more resistant to further herbivore attack. Because signal production and the response to the signal occur in widely separated tissues, this whole-plant induced defense represents an ideal system in which to study the signal transduction cascade and how the biotic and abiotic environment influence this induced defense. It has been demonstrated that the damage signal has the characteristics of a slow-moving phloem-transported chemical cue and that jasmonic acid (JA), an octadecanoid- derived cyclopentanone, is an important component of the damage signal transduction pathway in this induced defense. In this project Dr. Baldwin will critically examine the hypothesis that wounding increases shoot JA pools which either directly through transport or indirectly through a systemin-like signal increase root JA pools, which, in turn stimulate root nicotine synthesis and increase whole-plant nicotine pools. To achieve this objective Dr. Baldwin will determine the chirality of the induced jasmonate pools in shoot and roots, examine the plant's nicotine responses to intermediates in the octadecanoid pathway and synthesize jasmonates in the native stereoconfigurations. By understanding the processes responsible for signal generation and transport it may be possible to understand how herbivores consume plants "stealthily" and apparently lessen the induced defenses activated by their feeding.

9507180 Baldwin食草动物对欧洲烟草（Nicotiana sylvestris）（茄科）叶片的损害产生了一种损害信号，这种信号显著增加了根中尼古丁的从头合成。 合成的增加导致全植物尼古丁库的增加，这反过来又使植物对进一步的食草动物攻击更具抵抗力。 由于信号的产生和对信号的响应发生在广泛分离的组织中，因此这种全植物诱导的防御代表了一种理想的系统，在该系统中研究信号转导级联以及生物和非生物环境如何影响这种诱导的防御。 研究表明，损伤信号具有缓慢移动的韧皮部传递的化学信号的特征，茉莉酸（JA）是一种十八烷衍生的环戊酮，是这种诱导防御中损伤信号转导途径的重要组成部分。 在这个项目中，Baldwin博士将批判性地研究以下假设：受伤增加了芽JA库，芽JA库直接通过运输或间接通过系统蛋白样信号增加了根JA库，这反过来又刺激了根尼古丁合成并增加了整株尼古丁库。 为了实现这一目标，鲍德温博士将确定诱导的茉莉酸池在地上部和根部的手性，检查植物的尼古丁对十八烷途径中的中间体的反应，并合成天然立体构型的茉莉酸酯。 通过了解负责信号产生和传输的过程，有可能理解食草动物如何“悄悄”地消耗植物，并明显减少由其进食激活的诱导防御。