Dissertation Research: Regional Archaeology of the Department of Santa Rosa, Guatemala: A Study of Precolumbian Settlement, Land use, and the Pacific Coast of Guatemala

在诺曼哈蒙德博士的指导下，弗朗西斯科贝利先生将为他的博士论文收集数据。他将在危地马拉南部的圣罗莎地区进行考古调查和测试挖掘。定义的区域包括CA。七百公里。平方包括根据海拔、坡度、土壤类型、植被覆盖和年降雨量确定的四个不同的环境区。研究将分四个阶段进行。将对所有地区进行广泛调查，以全面了解该地区的考古遗迹。在此过程中，将收集选定的地表材料并绘制地点图。在此基础上，将有可能确定场地的大小和年龄、场地功能和活动区的分布。第二阶段将通过250米的分层随机抽样进行密集的系统调查。宽度和可变长度。在此基础上，将有可能概括和重建整个研究区域的网站的分布和密度。同样，将进行表面收集并绘制网站地图。在第三阶段，将对10%的遗址进行试掘。将在每个部位放置一个或两个试验装置，以确定部位功能和时间顺序。最后，这些数据将被输入地理信息系统并进行分析，以确定分布情况，并了解这些分布情况如何随时间变化。在此基础上，将有可能深入了解所涉及的基本过程。 此前在这一地区的考古工作表明，存在着从早期狩猎和采集时期到历史时期的长期占领历史。然而，尚未进行系统的调查和绘图。很明显，危地马拉南部参与了中美洲其他地方所注意到的进程，并随着时间的推移经历了文化复杂性和复杂性的增加。包括Belli先生在内的许多考古学家都希望了解文化的发展和演变是如何发生的，而这一地区拥有丰富的考古遗址，位于玛雅地区的边缘，为解决这一问题提供了极好的背景。贝利先生想确定是当地因素还是外部影响推动了这一进程。 这项研究之所以重要，有几个原因。它将为许多考古学家提供感兴趣的数据。它将对这些数据采用一种强有力的工具-地理信息系统分析，并将协助培训一名有前途的年轻考古学家。

Under the direction of Dr. Norman Hammond, Mr. Francisco Belli will collect data for his doctoral dissertation. He will conduct archaeological survey and test excavation in the Santa Rosa region of southern Guatemala. The defined area encompasses ca. 700 km. sq. and includes four different environmental zones, identified on the basis of elevation, gradient, soil types, vegetation cover and annual rainfall. Research will proceed in four stages. An extensive survey will cover all regions to provide an overall picture of the archaeological remains in the region. In the process selected surface material will be collected and sites mapped. On this basis it will be possible to determine the size and age of the site, site function and distribution of activity areas. A second stage will involve intensive systematic survey by means of a stratified random sample of transects 250 m. in width and variable length. On this basis it will be possible to generalize and reconstruct the distribution and density of sites across the entire research area. Again, surface collections will be made and sites mapped. In a third stage, a 10% sample of sites will be test excavated. One or two test units will be placed in each site to determine site function and chronology. Finally, these data will be entered into a Geographic Information System and analyzed to determine distributions and to see how these changed over time. On this basis it will be possible to gain insight into the underlying processes involved. Prior archaeological work in this region has indicated the presence of a long history of occupation which extends from an early hunting and gathering period through historic times. However systematic survey and mapping has not been conducted. It is clear that southern Guatemala participated in processes noted elsewhere in Middle America and underwent increases in cultural complexity and elaboration over time. Many archaeologists, including Mr. Belli, wish to understand how cultural elaboration and development occurs and this region which contains abundant archaeological sites and which lies at the periphery of the Mayan region provides an excellent context in which to address this question. Mr. Belli wants to determine whether it is local factors or external influences which drive this process. This research is important for several reasons. It will provide data of interest to many archaeologists. It will apply a powerful tool - Geographic Information Systems analysis - to this data and will assist in the training of a promising young archaeologist.