Phylogenetics of Lysipomia (Campanulaceae): Evolution in a Paramo Endemic

小行星9527866 安第斯高山冻原植物的系统发育研究提供了一个独特的机会，调查在热带，高海拔环境中的进化过程。北方亚利桑那大学的蒂娜·艾尔斯博士正在研究一种名为Lysipomia的中型物种。28种小的“垫”植物，仅限于南美洲安第斯山脉的苔原样群落。在厄瓜多尔和秘鲁发现的Lysipomia物种多样性最大，位于北方安第斯山脉一个主要地质断裂带的两侧，该断裂带被称为皮乌拉分水岭或万卡班巴凹陷。广泛分布的物种和存在大量的狭窄范围的特有物种毗邻的抑郁症认为，这一障碍和相关的气候变化发挥了重要的进化作用，在Lysipomia acerugeny的想法。 本研究的主要重点是利用形态学、解剖学、染色体和DNA的信息，并基于植物标本和最近的野外收集，构建一个Lysipomia物种的系统发育。由于形态特征可能会显示收敛在这些恶劣的环境中，从叶绿体（限制性内切酶图谱）和核（核糖体ITS序列）DNA产生的独立数据集将被强调。桔梗科的其他群体在叶绿体染色体上的基因顺序中显示出重大的重排，如果遇到这种重排，将在Lysipomia中进行特别的努力。物种一级的物种发生学将允许在安第斯高山生境中测试物种形成和适应性辐射的模式，并将有助于重建高海拔热带社区的历史地理学。

9527866 Ayers Phylogenetic studies of plants of the Andean alpine tundra provide a unique opportunity to investigate evolutionary processes in tropical, high-elevation environments. Dr. Tina Ayers of Northern Arizona University is studying the genus Lysipomia, a medium-sized group of ca. 28 species of small "cushion" plants restricted to tundra-like communities in Andean South America. The greatest species diversity in Lysipomia is found in Ecuador and Peru on both sides of a major geologic break in the northern Andes known as the Piura Divide or the Huancabamba Depression. The apparent absence of widespread species and the presence of a large number of narrow ranging endemic species adjacent to the Depression argues for the idea that this barrier and associated climatic changes have played an important evolutionary role in Lysipomia phylogeny. The primary focus of the study is to construct a phylogeny of the species of Lysipomia using information from morphology, anatomy, chromosomes, and DNA, and based upon herbarium material and recent field collections. Because morphological features may show convergence in these harsh environments, independent data sets generated from both chloroplast (restriction enzyme mapping) and nuclear (ribosomal ITS sequences) DNA will be emphasized. Other groups of Campanulaceae show major rearrangements in gene order on the chloroplast chromosome, and special efforts will be made to map such rearrangements, if encountered, in Lysipomia. A species-level phylogeny will allow tests of modes of speciation and adaptive radiation in Andean alpine habitats, and will help reconstruct the historical biogeography of high-elevation tropical communities.