Collaborative Research: Modeling Speed-Accuracy Tradeoffs of Aimed Movements

有针对性的运动是日常生活中无处不在的一部分。特别重要的是它们在涉及人与机器之间信息传递的情况下的中心作用（例如，计算机用户的鼠标移动，飞行员和重型机器操作员的操纵杆移动等）。对目标运动控制的基本约束是由速度-精度权衡（sat）描述的，即，更快的运动不太准确。以David Meyer及其同事提出的随机优化子运动模型（SOSM）为出发点，本研究将从四个方面探讨目标运动的控制：(a)多关节运动的SATs的一般性，(b)跨SATs的练习效果转移，(c)目标运动中纠正子运动的存在，以及(d) SATs提高时学到的东西。SOSM只提供了几个理论框架中的一个，在这个框架中可以解释这项研究的结果。因此，该研究旨在(a)探索这些现有理论的经验局限性，(b)解决这些理论之间关于目标运动控制性质的基本争议，以及(c)收集所需的数据库，以详细说明现有模型之一或根据结果的性质提出新的理论框架。通过更好地理解目标运动，这项研究将为如何组织控制任务提供见解。此外，由于这项研究既包括对个体在性质和使用子动作方面的差异的研究，也包括对个体在练习目标动作时如何提高表现的研究，它将阐明诸如人员选择以及如何通过目标动作组织涉及人机交互的工作培训等问题。＊＊＊

WRIGHT 9601140 Aimed movements are a ubiquitous part of everyday life. Of particular importance is their central role in situations involving the transfer of information between people and machines (e.g., mouse movements by computer users, control stick movements by pilots and heavy machine operators, etc.). A fundamental constraint on the control of aimed movements is described by speed-accuracy tradeoffs (SATs), i.e., faster movements are less accurate. Using the stochastic optimized-submovement model (SOSM) proposed by David Meyer and his associates as a starting point, this research will investigate the control of aimed movements in four areas: (a) the generality of SATs for multi-joint movements, (b) transfer of practice effects across the SATs, (c) the existence of corrective submovements during aimed movement, and (d) what is learned as SATs improve. The SOSM provides only one of several theoretical frameworks within which the results of this research can be interpreted. The research is, therefore, intended to (a) probe the empirical limits of these existing theories, (b) resolve fundamental disputes among these theories concerning the nature of the control of aimed movements, and (c) gather the database required either to elaborate one of the existing models or to propose a new theoretical framework, depending upon the nature of the results. Through a better understanding of aimed movements, this research should provide insights into how to structure control tasks. In addition, because the research includes both studies of how individuals differ in the nature and their use of submovements and studies of how performance improves when individuals practice aimed movements, it will shed light on issues such as personnel selection and how to organize training for jobs involving person- machine interaction through aimed movements. ***