Submarine Profiling of Arctic Properties: Temperature, Salinity and Ice Draft

北极特性的海底剖面分析：温度、盐度和冰吃水

• 批准号: 9619180
• 负责人: Peter Mikhalevsky
• 金额: $ 6.51万
• 依托单位: Leidos, Inc.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-05-15 至 1998-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9619180&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Submarine; Profiling; Arctic; Properties; Temperature

Acoustic and physical data collected in the Arctic since 1990 indicates a strengthening in the front between Atlantic/Pacific waters from near the Lomonosov Ridge toward the Alpha/Mendeleyev Ridge when compared with data from the 1970's and 1980's. Despite the key role Arctic processes play in global climate change our knowledge of Arctic water mass structure is still based on sparsely sampled measurements. The SCICEX program offers the scientific community the unique and unprecedented opportunity to use simple under ice, submarine launched, expendable CTD (U/I SSXCTD) measurements to nearly double the number of high quality transarctic oceanographic survey sections. Complementing the submarine CTD data contribution to understanding Arctic circulation are acoustic measurements of ocean temperature, salinity and ice roughness which offer the capability to synoptically detect majop ocean circulation shifts. The Arctic Climate Observations using Underwater Sound (ACOUS) program will begin recording year round ocean temperature changes, and sea ice thickness and extent, along fixed acoustic paths in 1997. Submarine sampling provides accurate local measurements of temperature, salinity and ice cover, whereas the advantage of basin scale acoustic measurements is synoptic observation of the basin integrated circulation effects. The Transarctic Acoustic Propagation (TAP) experiment demonstrated the feasibility of acoustics as a tool to monitor major movements of fronts. The scientific objectives of using submarine CTD and ice profile data from SCICEX-97 are to: (1) establish an historical record of temperature and salinity from the Beaufort Sea to the Barents Sea to monitor global circulation changes and validate Arctic Ocean circulation models, (2) use the measured data to 'tune' the ACOUS acoustic thermometer, and (3) provide temperature, salinity and ice draft measurements concurrent with acoustic emissions.

自1990年以来在北极收集的声学和物理数据表明，与20世纪70年代和80年代的数据相比，从罗蒙诺索夫海岭附近到阿尔法/门捷列夫海岭，大西洋/太平洋沃茨之间的锋面加强。尽管北极过程在全球气候变化中发挥着关键作用，但我们对北极水团结构的了解仍然基于稀疏的采样测量。SCICEX计划为科学界提供了独特和前所未有的机会，使用简单的冰下，潜艇发射，一次性CTD（U/I SSXCTD）测量，使高质量的跨北极海洋调查断面数量增加近一倍。对海洋温度、盐度和冰粗糙度的声学测量补充了海底CTD数据对了解北极环流的贡献，这些声学测量提供了从天气学上探测海洋环流重大变化的能力。利用水下声音进行北极气候观测方案将于1997年开始记录海洋温度的全年变化以及沿着固定的声波路径的海冰厚度和范围。 海底取样提供了对温度、盐度和冰盖的准确的当地测量，而海盆尺度声学测量的优势是对海盆综合环流效应进行天气观测。跨北极声学传播（TAP）实验证明了声学作为监测锋面主要运动的工具的可行性。 使用SCICEX-97的海底CTD和冰剖面数据的科学目的是： (1)建立从博福特海到巴伦支海的温度和盐度历史记录，以监测全球环流变化并验证北冰洋环流模型， (2)使用测量的数据来“调谐"ACOUS声学温度计，以及 (3)提供温度、盐度和冰吃水测量，同时进行声发射。