Gene Flow and Species Diversity in Deep-Sea Hydothermal Vent Communities

深海热液喷口群落的基因流和物种多样性

• 批准号: 9633131
• 负责人: Robert Vrijenhoek
• 金额: $ 36.5万
• 依托单位: Rutgers University New Brunswick
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-08-15 至 1999-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9633131&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Gene; Flow; Species; Diversity; Deep

9633131 Vrijenhoek Funding is requested for genetic studies of organisms associated with mid-ocean ridge systems and cognate environments in the deep sea. The primary objectives of the study are: (1) to examine spatial and temporal effects of fast- versus slow-spreading ridge axes on intraspecific phylogeography, patterns of dispersal, and rates of gene flow; and (2) to continue our studies of evolutionary relationships among organisms from deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cognate communities in other reducing environments (e.g., cold-water sulfide/methane seeps, whale fall, etc.). As a result of previous oceanic expeditions, an extensive collection of frozen specimens from fast-spreading ridge systems in the eastern Pacific already exists at Rutgers University. These organisms have been the focus of ongoing studies of gene flow and patterns of dispersal. To test the hypothesis that the spreading rate of a ridge system plays a dominant role in shaping ecological and evolutionary processes, comparative studies will be conducted with organisms from a slow-spreading system (the Mid-Atlantic Ridge) and a super fast-spreading system (the southern East Pacific Rise). Additionally, ongoing molecular systematic studies of vent and seep bivalve mollusks will be continued, as many new populations and new morphospecies have been described during the last several years. Some of the vesicomyid clam species, in particular, appear to wide distributions that span oceanic basins and terrestrial barriers to dispersal. As the goal of these studies is to obtain multi-locus genealogical information for population level and phylogenetic analyses, a variety of genetic techniques are employ ed (e.g., allozymes, restriction analysis of mitochondrial DNA and anonymous nuclear DNAs, and sequencing of PCR amplified genes). Partial use of an automated sequencing facility is available to the principal investigators. These proposed studies will provide a comprehensive picture of ecological, geological, and evolutionary processes affecting the dominant species that live in these unusual abyssal environments. Present research already has produced molecular markers that are of broad use for students of invertebrate systematics and population genetics. The biodiversity aspects of this research have been recognized with a supplementary award (NIH) to facilitate materials and technology transfer to parties interested in marine natural products discovery.

9633131 Vrijenhoek要求为与大洋中脊系统和深海同源环境有关的生物的遗传研究提供资金。本研究的主要目的是：(1)研究快速和缓慢传播脊轴对种内系统地理学、传播模式和基因流动速率的时空影响；(2)继续研究深海热液喷口生物与其他还原性环境（如冷水硫化物/甲烷渗漏、鲸鱼坠落等）中同源群落的进化关系。由于之前的海洋探险，罗格斯大学已经收集了大量来自东太平洋快速扩张的山脊系统的冷冻标本。这些生物一直是正在进行的基因流动和传播模式研究的焦点。为了验证山脊系统的扩展速度在形成生态和进化过程中起主导作用的假设，将对来自缓慢扩展系统（大西洋中脊）和超级快速扩展系统（南东太平洋隆起）的生物进行比较研究。此外，由于在过去几年中已经描述了许多新的种群和新的形态种，因此对喷口和渗漏双壳类软体动物的分子系统研究将继续进行。特别是一些贝壳蚌物种，它们的分布范围很广，跨越了海洋盆地和陆地的传播屏障。由于这些研究的目标是获得多位点家谱信息，用于群体水平和系统发育分析，因此使用了多种遗传技术（例如，同工酶，线粒体DNA和匿名核DNA的限制性内切分析以及PCR扩增基因的测序）。主要研究人员可以部分使用自动测序设备。这些拟议的研究将提供一个全面的生态、地质和进化过程的图片，这些过程影响着生活在这些不寻常的深海环境中的优势物种。目前的研究已经产生了分子标记，对无脊椎动物系统学和群体遗传学的学生有广泛的用途。这项研究的生物多样性方面已经获得了补充奖（美国国立卫生研究院）的认可，以促进材料和技术转让给对海洋天然产品发现感兴趣的各方。