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Dissertation Research: Evolution of Host Choice and Specialization in North American Diadasia (Hymenoptera; Apoidea)

论文研究：北美二足纲（膜翅目；Apoidea）寄主选择和专业化的演变

基本信息

批准号：
9701190
负责人：
Paul Wolf
金额：
$ 1万
依托单位：
Utah State University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1997-07-01 至 1999-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9701190&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Dissertation Research Evolution Host Choice

项目摘要

9701190 WOLF Bees vary in their choice of pollen plants. Generalists are bees that collect pollen from many plant species, while specialists collect pollen from only a few related plants. Biologists do not fully understand why some bees are generalists, whereas others specialize. Bee pollen choice is important for several reasons. First, many native plants depend on pollination by particular bees for seed set. Additionally, some native bees are used as crop pollinators, and many others hold such potential. In this research, Paul Wolf and doctoral candidate Sedonia Sipes will study pollen choice in Diadasia, a genus of specialist bees whose members specialize on different plant families. Many species visit only plants in the mallow family; others specialize on cacti or sunflowers. It is unknown when, or how often, these changes in host specialization have occurred during the history of this bee genus. The researchers will use DNA analysis to determine how Diadasia species are related, to infer the frequency and order of host-switching. They will also quantify the degree to which Diadasia are restricted to their preferred hosts. Finally, the researchers will examine morphological characteristics that may be adaptive to specialized pollen collection. The work should add to the understanding of specialization in bees, and provide some of the basic information needed to evaluate the potential of these bees for crop pollination.

9701190 WOLF 蜜蜂对花粉植物的选择各不相同。通才蜜蜂从许多植物物种中收集花粉，而专才蜜蜂仅从少数相关植物中收集花粉。生物学家并不完全理解为什么有些蜜蜂是多面手，而另一些则是专精的。蜂花粉的选择很重要，原因有几个。首先，许多本土植物依靠特定蜜蜂的授粉来结籽。此外，一些本地蜜蜂被用作农作物传粉者，而许多其他蜜蜂也具有这种潜力。在这项研究中，Paul Wolf 和博士生 Sedonia Sipes 将研究 Diadasia 的花粉选择，Diadasia 是一种专业蜜蜂，其成员专门研究不同的植物科。许多物种只访问锦葵科植物。其他人则专注于仙人掌或向日葵。目前尚不清楚在该蜂属的历史中，宿主专业化的这些变化何时或多久发生一次。研究人员将利用 DNA 分析来确定 Diadasia 物种之间的关系，从而推断宿主转换的频率和顺序。他们还将量化 Diadasia 仅限于其首选宿主的程度。最后，研究人员将检查可能适应专门花粉采集的形态特征。这项工作应该增加对蜜蜂专业化的理解，并提供评估这些蜜蜂对作物授粉的潜力所需的一些基本信息。