Mechanism of Emplacement of Flood Basalt

溢流玄武岩侵位机理

• 批准号: 9706396
• 负责人: Robert Coe
• 金额: $ 1.99万
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Cruz
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-06-15 至 1999-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9706396&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Mechanism; Emplacement; Flood; Basalt

9706396 Coe Flood basalts are the second most significant accumulation of mafic igneous material on the surface of the Earth, and their rate of eruption has long been considered to be three to four orders of magnitude greater than occurs at present-day central basaltic volcanoes. This idea depends on the assumption that a single flow is emplaced without significant interruption. Recently it has been proposed that such flows may have grown endogenously, that is, in a multistage process by which lava is injected into the interior of an already solidified flow and jacks up the top surface. If endogenous growth is a common mechanism of emplacement, it would reduce the enormous eruption rates and associated rapid production or storage of vast quantities of melt that are required for single-stage emplacement of very large individual lava flows characteristic of these provinces. Our pilot project is to test the hypothesis of endogenous growth by determining the magnetic fabric of the Birkett flow of the Columbia River Flood Basalts, for which field observations of interior vesicle layers have already suggested the possibility of multistage emplacement. Magnetic fabric analysis can detect zones where more intense shear occurred during flow: for multistage emplacement, two or more shear boundaries should be present inside the flow. If the vesicular layers coincide with shear boundaries, consistent with the injection of lava after initial solidification, the stage will be set for a larger investigation of the role of endogenous growth in continental flood basalts.

9706396 Coe Flood 玄武岩是地球表面第二大的镁铁质火成岩堆积物，长期以来，它们的喷发速度一直被认为比当今中部玄武岩火山的喷发速度高出三到四个数量级。这个想法取决于这样的假设：单个流的放置没有明显的中断。最近有人提出，这种流可能是内生生长的，即，在多阶段过程中，熔岩被注入已经凝固的流的内部并顶起顶部表面。如果内生增长是一种常见的就位机制，那么它将降低巨大的喷发率以及相关的大量熔体的快速产生或储存，而这些熔体是这些省份特有的非常大的单独熔岩流的单阶段就位所需的。我们的试点项目是通过确定哥伦比亚河溢流玄武岩 Birkett 流的磁性结构来测试内生生长的假设，对此内部囊泡层的现场观察已经表明了多级安置的可能性。磁性织物分析可以检测流动过程中发生更强烈剪切的区域：对于多级安置，流动内部应存在两个或多个剪切边界。如果泡状层与剪切边界一致，与初始凝固后熔岩的注入一致，则将为更大规模地研究大陆溢流玄武岩内生生长的作用奠定基础。