Critical Phenomena and Non Fermi Liquid Behavior in Metals

9707701米里斯该奖项用于非费米液态金属的理论研究。这项工作的主要重点将放在电子相互作用的理论上，通过接近临界点引起的奇异相互作用，并将结果与实验数据进行系统的比较。在过去的四十年里，金属物理学的核心概念是朗道的费米液体理论，该理论认为，在温度或能量远低于费米能量的情况下，金属相互作用电子的物理性质与非相互作用电子的物理性质是同构的。过去十年的关键实验成果之一是证明了许多种类的材料（包括高温超导体、许多重费米子材料和几种过渡金属化合物）表现出与费米液体理论不一致的金属低温行为。这些非费米液态金属的物理性质完全不为人所知。这项拨款将基于一个有争议的假设来研究这一重要问题，即金属中的非费米液体行为在某种程度上与可能在平衡相变中观察到的临界点波动有关。这个理论奖将研究许多年前建立的理论基础无法解释的金属性质。目前人们感兴趣的许多材料，如高温超导体，都表现出现有理论无法解释的金属行为。因此，需要建立新的物理基础。这个项目的成功完成将对我们解释金属和其他材料的行为方式产生广泛的影响。＊＊＊

9707701 Millis This award is for theoretical research on non-fermi-liquid metals. The main focus of the work will be on the theory of electrons interacting via singular interactions caused by proximity to critical points and for systematic comparisons of the results to experimental data. For the past forty years the central concept on which metal physics is based has been Landau's Fermi Liquid Theory, which holds that at temperatures or energies much less than the Fermi energy, the physics of metallic interacting electrons is isomorphic to the physics of non-interacting electrons. One of the key experimental achievements of the past decade has been the demonstration that many classes of materials (including the high temperature superconductors, many heavy fermion materials and several transition metal compounds) exhibit low temperature behavior which is metallic yet is inconsistent with Fermi Liquid Theory. The physics of these non-fermi-liquid metals is not at all understood. This grant will study this important problem based on the controversial assumption that non-fermi-liquid behavior in metals is somehow related to critical point fluctuations as might be observed in an equilibrium phase transition. %%% This theoretical award will study the properties of metals which are not explained by the theoretical foundation established many years ago. Many materials of current interest, such as the high temperature superconductors, exhibit metallic behavior which cannot be explained by present theory. Consequently, new physical foundations need to be established. Successful completion of this project will have wide impact on the way we interpret the behavior of metals and other materials. ***