The Archaeology of Kahikinui, Hawai'i

夏威夷卡希基努伊考古

• 批准号: 9708341
• 负责人: Michael Kolb
• 金额: $ 10.35万
• 依托单位: Northern Illinois University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-09-01 至 2000-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9708341&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Archaeology; Kahikinui; Hawai

With National Science Foundations support Dr. Michael Kolb will conduct two seasons of archaeological excavation and survey in the Kahikinui district on the island of Maui. The goal of the work is to understand how stratified chiefly society developed and what mechanisms chiefs used to accrue and consolidate their power. The rise of complex society in Hawai'i occurred over an 800 year period which witnessed the rapid development of chiefdoms. Hawai'ian temples and large-scale dryland and pondfield agricultural systems attest to significant central leadership and social ranking and the first Westerners to visit the island encountered a ranked society with a noble ruling class. In the anthropological literature Hawai'i stands as one of the most important archaeological and ethnographic examples of a complex chiefdom. The rural nature and arid climate of Kahikinui provide an excellent venue to examine this development process since the entire archaeological landscape has been preserved essentially intact. Thousands of stone features, including habitation sites, agricultural terraces, shrines and temples are still visible and until recently the region has received scant archaeological attention. Through study of individual temples and the contents they contain and through comparative analysis across sites it is possible to build up a broad picture of how society was organized and how this changed through time. Kolb is particularly interested in how chiefs used ideology to consolidate their power and can gain insight into this through the study of pig remains. In addition to their role as food, pigs served important ceremonial roles and most often they were slaughtered in ritual contexts. Through the analysis of such faunal remains across sites and examination in how their distribution changed over time it is possible to relate ideology to political power. Kolb and colleagues will make detailed maps of individual temple sites. These will provide data for measuring labor investment costs. Excavation will be conducted at all of them to recover cultural and faunal remains as well as materials for absolute dating. Archaeological evidence indicates that civilization arose independently in many parts of the world and that similar stages of development are common across all cases. This strongly indicates that a basic developmental process underlies these common trajectories and anthropologists wish to understand the forces involved. Because of the excellent ethnographic and ethnohistoric data available as well as the presence of well preserved archaeological remains Hawai'i provides an excellent context in which to examine this question. The results of this research will be generalizable well beyond an individual group of islands.

在国家科学基金会的支持下，迈克尔·科尔布博士将在毛伊岛的Kahikinui区进行两个季节的考古挖掘和调查。这项工作的目标是了解主要是分层社会是如何发展的，以及酋长过去积累和巩固其权力的机制。夏威夷复杂社会的兴起经历了800年的时间，见证了酋长领地的迅速发展。夏威夷的寺庙和大规模的旱地和庞德菲尔德农业系统证明了重要的中央领导和社会地位，第一批访问该岛的西方人遇到了一个统治阶层高尚的等级社会。在人类学文献中，夏威夷是一个复杂的酋长领地最重要的考古学和人种学范例之一。Kahikinui的乡村自然和干旱气候为研究这一发展过程提供了一个极好的场所，因为整个考古景观基本上保存完好。数以千计的石头特征，包括居住地，农业梯田，神社和寺庙仍然可见，直到最近，该地区很少受到考古学的关注。通过对个别寺庙及其内容的研究，以及通过对各个遗址的比较分析，可以大致了解社会是如何组织的，以及这种组织是如何随着时间的推移而变化的。科尔布特别感兴趣的是酋长们如何利用意识形态来巩固他们的权力，并可以通过对猪的遗骸的研究来洞察这一点。除了它们作为食物的作用外，猪还扮演着重要的仪式角色，最常见的情况是它们在仪式上被宰杀。通过分析这些遗址上的动物遗骸，并研究它们的分布随时间的变化，有可能将意识形态与政治权力联系起来。科尔布和他的同事们将为各个寺庙遗址绘制详细的地图。这些将为衡量劳动力投资成本提供数据。将对所有这些遗址进行挖掘，以找回文化和动物遗骸以及绝对年代测定的材料。考古证据表明，文明是在世界许多地方独立产生的，类似的发展阶段在所有情况下都很常见。这有力地表明，这些共同的轨迹背后有一个基本的发展过程，人类学家希望了解其中的力量。由于有优秀的人种学和人种史数据，以及保存完好的考古遗迹的存在，夏威夷提供了一个很好的背景来研究这个问题。这项研究的结果将远远超出单独一组岛屿的范围。