Ethnic Minorities and Political Support: An Examination of Attitudes in Three Former Soviet Republics

少数民族与政治支持：对三个前苏联加盟共和国态度的审视

• 批准号: 9710208
• 负责人: Lowell Barrington
• 金额: $ 20万
• 依托单位: Marquette University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-07-01 至 2000-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9710208&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Ethnic; Minorities; Political; Support; Examination

How loyal are ethnic minorities to their state of residence? How supportive are they of its political system and political leaders? If variation exists within a given minority, what explains this variation at the individual level? Is political support by ethnic minorities a rational calculation or is it the result of subjective, identity-related factors? These are the central questions of this research investigation to be undertaken in three former Soviet republics: Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan. The investigators combine mass surveys and focus groups to examine the attachment of minorities, especially ethnic Russians outside Russia, to their state of residence and their level of support for its institutions. The project addresses four major shortcomings in the existing literature on attitudes in the post-Communist states: the emphasis on attitudes within Russia; the dominance of aggregate level data analysis; the confusion of the elements of political support; and, the limited use of multiple methods within a given study. This multi-country, multi-method study produces a better understanding than now exists of the reasons for `political support` by an ethnic minority, variation in it within a given ethnic group, and variation in it from newly independent state to newly independent state. Understanding such support and its variation enables scholars to make sense of the puzzle of why we have ethnic conflict in one post-Soviet state and not another, and it will help in understanding the future of ethnic nationalism and relations between Russia and its neighbors. The implications for this understanding thus include both a better ability to understand and predict domestic and international politics in the region and a better understanding of the types of policies and practices that Western countries and international organizations should be encouraging in the former Soviet Union. The dataset to be produced will be of great value to scholars interested in exploring this topic.

少数民族对其居住国的忠诚度如何？ 他们对政治制度和政治领导人的支持程度如何？ 如果在特定的少数群体中存在差异，那么如何解释这种差异在个人层面上的存在？ 少数民族的政治支持是一种理性的计算，还是主观的、与身份有关的因素的结果？ 这些是在三个前苏联共和国：白俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦和吉尔吉斯斯坦进行的这项研究调查的核心问题。 调查人员将联合收割机大规模调查和焦点小组相结合，以审查少数民族，特别是俄罗斯境外的俄罗斯族对其居住国的依恋程度及其对该国机构的支持程度。 该项目解决了四个主要的缺点，在现有的文献中的态度在后共产主义国家：强调在俄罗斯的态度;占主导地位的总体水平的数据分析;混乱的政治支持的元素;和，有限的使用多种方法在一个给定的研究。 这种多国、多种方法的研究使人们比现在更好地了解了少数民族“政治支持”的原因、特定民族群体内部的差异以及新独立国家之间的差异。 理解这种支持及其变化使学者能够理解为什么我们在一个后苏联国家而不是另一个国家发生种族冲突的困惑，这将有助于理解种族民族主义的未来以及俄罗斯与邻国之间的关系。 因此，对这种理解的影响包括更好地理解和预测该地区国内和国际政治的能力，以及更好地理解西方国家和国际组织应该在前苏联鼓励的政策和做法。 所产生的数据集将对有兴趣探索这一主题的学者具有重要价值。