Social Equity, Group Identity, and the Management of Difference in Research on Human Populations

人口研究中的社会公平、群体认同和差异管理

• 批准号: 9710432
• 负责人: Steven Epstein
• 金额: $ 9.58万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fixed Amount Award
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-08-01 至 2000-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9710432&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Social; Equity; Group; Identity; Management

This project analyzes the management of difference and the concern with social equity in scientific research on human populations. Specifically, the project tracks the incorporation of gender and race as variables in the design and evaluation of biological and biomedical research. While some argue that these policies promote research that is both more equitable and more capable of producing adequate, generalizable data, others suggest that such requirements interfere with the conduct of rigorous research. The central case study will be the recent mandates to include women and members of racial minority groups in experiments such as randomized clinical trials. In addition, the project will analyze the extent of concern with issues of gender and racial diversity in other domains of biological research, including the Human Genome Project. The project seeks to identify the causes and consequences of the recent push for the inclusion of diverse subject populations in biomedical and biological research. It asks how, and in what ways, scientific institutions should be sensitive to conceptions of social and bodily difference. And the study explores the practical consequences of this management of difference for the acquisition of biomedical and biological knowledge about the human body, as well as for broader cultural understandings of gender and race as bodily markers and determinants of social identity. The methods to be employed include: 1) analysis of government records and content analysis of published reports of clinical trials to measure changes in the demographic diversity of biological experiments on human subjects; 2) open-ended, semi-structured interviews with researchers, government officials, politicians, and activists to reconstruct the history of recent policy changes regarding the inclusion of women and racial minorities in biomedical research; and 3) database searches to retrieve relevant articles in the mass media, the scientific press, the Congressional Record. and other sources. This study holds significance for scientists, practitioners of science and technology studies, and the public at large. For scientists, the project has considerable relevance because it will analyze the causes and consequences of policy shifts that centrally affect their work. For practitioners of science and technology studies, the project contributes to debates concerning the public negotiation of the credibility of experiments (particularly experiments conducted on human subjects, such as randomized clinical trials) as well as contributing to research on the public accountability of science and the relation between science and social movements. For the general public, the study analyzes the impact of `identity politics` upon actual scientific practice. Study findings will be presented in the form of journal articles directed to specialized audiences, presentations at conferences, and a book intended for a wide audience of academics and educated lay readers.

本项目分析了差异的管理和对社会公平的关注， 对人类的科学研究。具体而言，该项目跟踪将性别和种族作为变量纳入生物学和生物医学研究的设计和评价的情况。有些人认为，这些政策促进了更公平、更有能力产生充分、可推广数据的研究，而另一些人则认为，这些要求妨碍了严谨研究的开展。中心案例研究将是最近的任务，包括妇女和少数民族群体的成员在实验，如随机临床试验。此外，该项目还将分析在生物学研究的其他领域，包括人类基因组计划中，对性别和种族多样性问题的关注程度。该项目旨在确定最近推动将不同受试者群体纳入生物医学和生物研究的原因和后果。它提出的问题是，科学机构应该如何以及以何种方式对社会和身体差异的概念敏感。本研究还探讨了这种差异管理对获得 关于人体的生物医学和生物学知识，以及对性别和种族作为身体标志和社会身份决定因素的更广泛的文化理解。所采用的方法包括：1）分析政府记录和临床试验报告的内容分析，以衡量人类受试者生物学实验的人口统计学多样性的变化; 2）开放式的，半结构化的采访研究人员，政府官员，政治家，和活动家重建关于将妇女和少数民族纳入生物医学研究的最近政策变化的历史;以及3）数据库搜索以检索大众媒体、科学出版物、国会记录中的相关文章。和其他来源。这项研究对科学家、科学技术研究的实践者和广大公众都具有重要意义。对于科学家来说，该项目具有相当大的相关性，因为它将分析对他们的工作产生核心影响的政策变化的原因和后果。对于科学和技术研究的从业者来说，该项目有助于就实验（特别是对人类受试者进行的实验，如随机临床试验）的可信度进行公开谈判的辩论，并有助于研究科学的公共责任以及科学与社会运动之间的关系。对于一般公众，研究分析了“身份政治”对实际科学实践的影响。研究结果将以期刊文章的形式介绍给专业观众，在会议上介绍，并为广大学者和受过教育的外行读者提供一本书。