Which Firms are Likely to Join R&D Consortia: The Success of I/UCRC and ERC Recruitment

摘要欧洲经济共同体-9712481斯卡佩罗美国的技术政策传统上依赖税收优惠和补贴来刺激私人研发投资。近年来，为了鼓励合作和应对外国技术竞争，1984年通过了《国家合作研究法案》(NCRA)。根据这项法案，通知联邦贸易委员会和美国司法部并通知它们有意达成联合研发协议的公司，可以降低私人反垄断诉讼的风险。自1984年以来，研发财团的数量逐渐增加，到1992年，已有325个研发财团向司法部提交了申请。大多数产学合作研究中心(I/UCRC)和工程研究中心(ERCs)都是由国家科学基金会(NSF)赞助成立的。NSF的目标是促进工程、科学和技术研究成果的采用率，并增加对研究和开发的非联邦投资。NSF I/UCRC计划现在有52个中心，横跨70多所大学，有700多家参与公司和机构。创新/统一资源中心/环境研究中心的成功取决于确定、吸引和留住有兴趣资助和参与研究的公司。这个项目将试图确定吸引一家公司加入研发联盟的因素，因此将有助于确定希望加入该联盟的公司。然而，确保儿童权利中心/经济、社会和文化权利中心的成员资格取决于所采取的招聘战略和该中心所认为的效力。

ABSTRACT EEC-9712481 SCARPELLO U.S. technology policy has traditionally relied on tax incentives and subsidies to stimulate private R&D investment. In recent years, in an effort to encourage cooperation and in response to foreign technological rivalry, the National Cooperative Research Act of 1984 (NCRA) was passed. Under this Act, firms that notify the Federal Trade Commission and the U.S. Department of Justice and their intention to form a joint R&D agreement, can reduce the risk of private antitrust litigation. The number of R&D consortia has gradually increased over time since 1984 and by 1992, 325 R&D consortia had filed with the Department of Justice. Most Industry/University Cooperative Research Centers (I/UCRCs) and Engineering research Center (ERCs) arise through sponsorship by the National Science Foundation (NSF). The NSF's goals are to stimulate the rate of adoption of the results of engineering, scientific, and technological research, and to increase the non-federal investment in research and development. The NSF I/UCRC program now has 52 centers, spanning over 70 universities with over 700 participating companies and agencies. The success of the I/UCRCs/ERCs hinge upon identifying, attracting, and retaining firms interested in funding and participating in research. This project will attempt to identify the factors that elicit a firm to join an R&D consortium and so will help in targeting firms to be approached for membership. Securing membership in an I/UCRC/ERC however depends on the recruitment strategies adopted and the perceived effectiveness of the Center.