Individual-Particle Experiments in the Remote Troposphere

小行星9713101 在本项目中，将使用单个颗粒方法来表征气溶胶，并检查影响气溶胶颗粒大小分布、浓度和化学成分的对流层过程。这些过程包括海洋气溶胶粒子的产生、分离和反应;矿物气溶胶与人为污染物混合时的变化;二次硫酸盐粒子的产生;以及气溶胶在海洋对流层中长距离传输过程中的演变。将使用透射电子显微镜（TEM），通过成像和化学分析，以高空间分辨率研究复杂的超微米至亚微米颗粒的结构和组成。利用这种方法，可以确定矿物和其他颗粒的形态，并且可以对诸如含有硝酸盐和氨的颗粒之类的束敏感颗粒进行化学分析。 实地部署的重点将是海洋边界层和海洋自由对流层中的大陆、海洋和人为来源的颗粒。特别是，将对气溶胶表征实验-2（ACE-2）期间获得的样品进行分析。PI将参加印度洋实验（INDOEX），并在C-130飞机上对气溶胶进行采样。 将在夏威夷和中国西安附近进行额外的地面测量。

9713101 Buseck In this project, individual particle methods will be used to characterize aerosols and to examine tropospheric processes that affect aerosol-particle size distributions, concentrations, and chemical compositions. These processes include the generation, fractionation, and reaction of marine aerosol particles; the modification of mineral aerosols as they mix with anthropogenic pollutants; the production of secondary sulfate particles; and the evolution of aerosols during long-range transport in the marine troposphere. The structure and composition of complex super-micron to sub-micron particles will be investigated at high spatial resolutions using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), both by imaging and by chemical analysis. With this method, the speciation of mineral and other particles can be determined, and beam-sensitive particles, such as those containing nitrate and ammonia, can be chemically analyzed. The focus of the field deployments will be on particles of continental, marine, and anthropogenic origin in the marine boundary layer and marine free troposphere. In particular, samples obtained during the Aerosol Characterization Experiment-2 (ACE-2) will be analyzed. The PIs will participate in the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX) and sample aerosols on board the C-130 aircraft. Additional ground-based measurements will be performed in Hawaii and near Xian, China.