US-Egypt Cooperative Research: Pollution Reduction and Material Conservation in Pretreatment of Cellulosic Textiles

描述：该奖项是为了支持北卡罗来纳州罗利市北卡罗莱纳州立大学纺织工程、化学和科学系的Hechmi Hamouda博士和埃及开罗国家研究中心（NRC）纺织研究部主任Mohamed El-Rafie博士的合作项目。本次联合研究的目的是研究将纤维素纺织品的预处理工艺与减少预处理过程中能源和化学品的使用以及减少重复洗涤操作中大量的水的使用相结合的可行性，从而减少工业水污染。将考虑两类纺织纤维，棉花和混纺棉，以及亚麻。第一种方法需要退浆、精练和漂白三个预处理，而亚麻纤维需要精练，然后是次氯酸盐、过氧化氢和亚氯酸钠三个漂白步骤。每一个步骤都必须经过洗涤，因此对水、化学品和能源的需求巨大，以及由此产生的污染负荷。范围：本研究项目将由两名经验丰富的研究人员参与，他们来自知名的纺织研究机构，具有互补的专业知识和设备。他们将处理的问题的解决将对两国的一个主要工业产生重大利益，并将对存在用水和污水排放问题的国家产生特殊的环境影响。埃及和其他几个发展中国家广泛依赖其纺织工业，但这些工业是人类用水污染最严重的工业之一。合作的科学家计划进行实验室测试，并将研究规模扩大到实际生产规模。该提案符合INT的目标，即在对双方都有利的领域支持美国与外国的合作。该项目得到了美国-埃及联合基金计划的支持，该计划向两国的科学家和工程师提供赠款，以开展这些合作活动。* * *

9713642 Hamouda Description: This award is for support of a cooperative project by Dr. Hechmi Hamouda, Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry, and Science at North Carolina State University in Raleigh, NC, and Dr. Mohamed El-Rafie, Head of the Textile Research Division at the National Research Center (NRC) in Cairo, Egypt. The objective of this joint research is to study the feasibility of combining pretreatment processes of cellulosic textiles with the goal of reducing the energy and chemicals used in pretreatment, and of reducing the large amounts of water used in the repeated washing operations, thus reducing the industrial water pollution. Two categories of textile fibers would be considered, cotton and cotton-blends, and flax. The first of these requires three pretreatments of desizing, scouring and bleaching, while flax fibers require scouring followed by three bleaching steps of hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide and sodium chlorite. Each of these steps must be followed by washing, thus the huge requirements for water, chemicals, and energy, as well as the resulting pollution load. Scope: This research project will involve two experienced researchers from well respected institutes for textile research with complementary expertise and facilities. Solution of the problem they will address would have significant benefits to a major industry in both countries, and would have special environmental impact on countries where water use and polluted water discharge are problems. Egypt and several other developing countries rely extensively on their textile industries, and yet these are some of the most polluting industries for the water available for human use. The collaborating scientists plan to conduct laboratory tests, and to scale the studies to actual manufacturing scale. This proposal meets the INT objective of supporting US-foreign collaboration in areas that have benefits for both sides. This project is being supported under the US-Egy pt Joint Fund Program, which provides grants to scientists and engineers in both countries to carry out these cooperative activities. * * *