Integration, exclusion, exception: Discourses of national identity and social self in Chile and Argentina (1780-1950)

融合、排斥、例外：智利和阿根廷的民族认同和社会自我话语（1780-1950）

• 批准号: 117247976
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Barbara Potthast
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Abteilung für Iberische und Lateinamerikanische Geschichte
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2008-12-31 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/117247976?language=en
• 关键词: Integration; exclusion; exception; Discourses; national

The project examines the emergence, consolidation and distribution of discourses of national identity in Chile and Argentina. Taking a twofold perspective it reconstructs and explores the public debate about the nation, national identity and national characteristics from the (end of) late colonial time (period) until the mid 20th century. First, the project explores in how far the public debate projects an image of (apparently) successful social construction of national identity that to this day affects the political culture in both countries as well as their mutual perception. Second, the aim is to consider respective national debates about chilenidad and argentinidad as open competition about the definition and attribution of identity, and battle ground for politically motivated interpretation of history.What are the social groups promoting different images of identity?How are these identities mediated/distributed?How do these national identities relate/contribute to the consolidation of existing or emergence of new relationships with of other aspects of identity formation (e.g. ethnicity, religion, gender and class)?Existing research approaches the process of nation building predominantly via descriptive accounts of national symbolism and memorial culture. In contrast to this, the present project traces the discursive lines of conflict that characterise the ongoing national identity formation since the early 19th century in Chile and Argentina. Specific focus is on the scientific historical and media driven legitimations that underpin processes of inclusion and exclusion, particularly in ethnically and socioeconomically heterogeneous societies.The research explores these questions analysing data from a broad range of sources, these include administrative files and documents, various popular magazines and newspapers, prose and fiction, scientific historical publications and schoolbooks. The project employs a comparative method. Taking Argentina and Chile as case studies the project examines the history of their mutual relation-ship. Apart from obvious similarities between the Chilean and Argentinean developments (territorial expansion to the south, strong Eurocentric affinities of the elites, mass immigration) the study examines in how far the neighbour countries have influenced the formation of the respective national selves. In the first half of the 19th century, Chile served as a positive example, with Argentinean expatriates projecting their national aspirations onto Chile as the apparent ideal of a "solidly constructed nation-state". During the same time period the Chilean national self-perception, which was based on an ideal of social order, gained strength through the explicit contrast with Argentina and its perceived issues: lack of political stability, caudillismo, disputes between the capital and the provinces.

该项目研究了智利和阿根廷民族认同的话语的出现，合并和分布。从两者看来，它重建并探讨了有关国家（末期）殖民时期（时期）到20世纪中叶的公众辩论，民族身份和民族特征。首先，该项目在公众辩论中探讨了一段（显然）成功的民族认同社会建设的形象，直到今天，这一形象影响了两国的政治文化以及他们相互的认识。其次，目的是考虑有关奇莱尼达和阿根廷的各自的民族辩论是关于身份的定义和归因的公开竞争，以及以政治动机的诠释为了进行政治动机解释的战斗基础。哪些社会群体促进了身份的不同形象？这些身份如何介导/分布如何介导/分布这些国家身份与现有形成或现有方面的构建方式如何相关的，或者在现有的综合中构成了其他方面的关系。宗教，性别和阶级）现有研究对国家的象征主义和纪念文化的描述性描述主要是建立民族的过程。与此相反，目前的项目追溯了自19世纪初在智利和阿根廷以来持续的民族认同形成的冲突线。具体的重点是基于包容和排斥过程的科学历史和媒体驱动的合法性，尤其是在种族和社会经济上的异构社会中。该研究探讨了这些问题分析了来自广泛来源的数据，这些问题包括行政档案和文章，各种受欢迎的杂志和报纸和报纸，著作和拟式历史出版物，科学的历史出版物和学科。该项目采用了一种比较方法。将阿根廷和智利作为案例研究，研究了他们相互关系的历史。除了智利和阿根廷发展之间的明显相似之处（向南地区的领土扩张，精英的强烈欧洲同胞，大众移民）研究了邻国在影响各个民族自我的形成方面的研究。在19世纪上半叶，智利是一个积极的例子，阿根廷外籍人士将其民族志向投射到智利上，这是“牢固建设的民族国家”的明显理想。在同一时期，基于社会秩序的理想，智利民族自我感知通过与阿根廷及其感知到的问题的明显形成鲜明对比：缺乏政治稳定，caudillismo，首都与省之间的争议。