Late Cenozoic Volcanism in Marie Byrd Land: Assessing Petrogenetic and Eruptive Mechanisms by Comparitive Studies of Analogs
玛丽伯德地晚新生代火山活动:通过类比比较研究评估成岩和喷发机制
基本信息
- 批准号:9720411
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 4.57万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:1997
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:1997-12-15 至 1999-11-30
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
9720411 LeMasurier The volcanoes of Marie Byrd Land lie along the Pacific coast of Antarctica between 110 degrees and 140 degrees west longitude, and are part of the circum-Pacific ORing of Fire.O They have formed during the past 30 million years (Ma); but each has had an individual lifetime of less than 3 Ma, and they are made up of a wide variety of rock types. Unlike volcanoes elsewhere in the Ring of Fire, which have formed as a result of plate collision, Marie Byrd Land volcanoes have formed in a OriftO environment where the earthOs crust has been stretching, fracturing, and slowly rising to form a large dome that is now about 300 miles in diameter and 9,000 feet above sea level at its crest. Older volcanoes are found near the center of the dome, and as the dome grew, volcanic activity shifted toward the edge of the dome, where the now active volcanoes are located. The origin of these volcanoes thus appears to involve an interplay between melting, that produces the original lava far below the crust, and deformation within the crust, that seems to control what happens to the lava on its way to the surface. When the lava reaches the surface, and is erupted under the West Antarctic ice sheet, it produces hydrovolcanic deposits that provide a record of how the size of the ice sheet varied before climate was influenced by human activity. At Mt. Takahe these rocks appear to record multiple fluctuations in ice level, through a range of at least 1,000 ft. within the past 300,000 years, suggesting that the ice sheet responds readily to climatic change. A similar response to greenhouse warming could, conceivably, lead to a 20 foot rise in sea level. This award, funded by the Office of Polar Programs at the National Science Foundation, supports work that will focus on the following questions: (1) What has caused melting at roughly 70-90 miles depth to produce basalt lava, and how have uplift and stretching been related to this process? (2) What processes h ave caused the basalt to change composition as it rises to the surface, producing the variety among volcanoes in Marie Byrd Land? (3) What can we learn from hydrovolcanic deposits about the history of the ice sheet and its vulnerability to greenhouse warming? This award supports a comparative petrological study to understand the volcanic rocks of Marie Byrd Land in the context of similar volcanic provinces elsewhere in the world that exhibit different styles or stages of development. This award supports comparative studies of three such regions: (1) The volcanoes of Victoria Land, about 1000 miles west of Marie Byrd Land, in a part of the West Antarctic rift that has had a somewhat different history of deformation and volcanism. (2) The 60-65 million year old volcanoes in NW Scotland, which have been eroded deeply enough to expose subsurface volcanic conduits. (3) Volcanoes produced by subglacial eruptions in Iceland, including the active volcano Grimsvotn, which has produced hydrovolcanic deposits like those at Mt. Takahe during its recent eruptions under the glacier Vatanajokull. These studies are important because they will contribute to an understanding of (1) how the interplay between deep internal processes and crustal deformation within Earth can control the development of volcanoes in a rift environment, and (2) how the past behavior of the West Antarctic ice sheet can be used as a key to its future stability.
9720411马苏里火山位于南极洲西经110度至140度之间的太平洋沿岸,是过去3000万年(Ma)形成的环太平洋火山的一部分;但每一座火山的寿命都不到3 Ma,而且它们由各种各样的岩石类型组成。与火环其他地方的火山不同,玛丽·伯德陆地火山是在奥里夫托环境中形成的,在那里地球地壳一直在拉伸、破裂,并缓慢上升,形成一个巨大的圆顶,现在直径约300英里,顶端高于海平面9000英尺。在圆顶中心附近发现了较老的火山,随着圆顶的扩大,火山活动转向圆顶的边缘,现在活跃的火山就位于那里。因此,这些火山的起源似乎涉及到熔融和地壳内变形之间的相互作用,前者在地壳下方产生原始熔岩,后者似乎控制着熔岩在到达地表的途中发生的变化。当熔岩到达地表,并在西南极冰盖下喷发时,它会产生火山沉积,记录了在气候受到人类活动影响之前,冰盖的大小是如何变化的。在Mt.这些岩石似乎记录了冰平面的多次波动,范围至少为1,000英尺。在过去的30万年内,这表明冰盖对气候变化做出了迅速的反应。可以想象,对温室气体变暖的类似反应可能会导致海平面上升20英尺。这一奖项由美国国家科学基金会极地项目办公室资助,支持将重点放在以下问题上的工作:(1)是什么原因导致大约70-90英里深的玄武岩熔岩融化产生玄武岩熔岩,以及抬升和拉伸与这一过程如何相关?(2)是什么过程导致玄武岩在浮出地表时改变了成分,从而产生了马里伯德岛上不同火山的多样性?(3)我们从火山沉积中可以学到什么关于冰盖的历史及其对温室气体变暖的脆弱性?该奖项支持了一项比较岩石学研究,以了解世界其他类似火山省的玛丽伯德岛的火山岩,这些省份表现出不同的风格或发展阶段。该奖项支持对三个这样的地区进行比较研究:(1)位于玛丽·伯德兰以西约1000英里的维多利亚大陆的火山,位于西南极裂谷的一部分,其变形和火山活动的历史略有不同。(2)苏格兰西北部有6000万年至6500万年历史的火山,它们被侵蚀得足够深,暴露出地下火山管。(3)冰岛由冰下喷发产生的火山,包括格里姆斯沃恩活火山,它产生了与山上类似的火山沉积物。在Vatanajokull冰川下最近喷发的塔卡河。这些研究很重要,因为它们将有助于理解(1)地球内部深部过程和地壳变形之间的相互作用如何控制裂谷环境中火山的发展,以及(2)如何将西南极冰盖过去的行为作为其未来稳定性的关键。
项目成果
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Wesley Le Masurier其他文献
Wesley Le Masurier的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Wesley Le Masurier', 18)}}的其他基金
Geochemistry and Petrologic Evolution of Felsic Volcanoes in Western Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica
南极洲西玛丽伯德地长英质火山的地球化学和岩石学演化
- 批准号:
0536526 - 财政年份:2006
- 资助金额:
$ 4.57万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Volcanic Geology of Marie Byrd Land and Its Relationships toGlacial and Tectonic History in West Antarctica
玛丽伯德地的火山地质及其与南极洲西部冰川和构造历史的关系
- 批准号:
8020836 - 财政年份:1981
- 资助金额:
$ 4.57万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Volcanic History of Marie Byrd Land, West Antarctica
南极洲西部玛丽伯德地的火山历史
- 批准号:
7727546 - 财政年份:1978
- 资助金额:
$ 4.57万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Volcanic History of Marie Byrd Land, West Antarctica
南极洲西部玛丽伯德地的火山历史
- 批准号:
7604396 - 财政年份:1976
- 资助金额:
$ 4.57万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Laboratory Study of Volcanic Rocks From Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica
南极洲玛丽伯德地火山岩的实验室研究
- 批准号:
7002980 - 财政年份:1971
- 资助金额:
$ 4.57万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
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