A Theoretical Study of Hadronic Interactions and the Structure of the Nucleon

这项建议继续核物理基础研究计划。 众所周知，“核子”（质子和中子）是由称为“夸克”的亚单位组成的。 在低能核物理学中，一种叫做“电荷对称性”的性质得到了很好的保持。 它被假定（几乎没有实验证据）在高能量下同样有效。 这个项目研究电荷对称性是否在高能量下被打破。 我们建议精确的实验，以提高我们对电荷对称性的理解。 我们还将电荷对称性与另一种称为味对称性的性质联系起来，味对称性指出不同类型的夸克在质子和中子中的贡献应该相等。 我们还研究了粒子在非常窄的二维系统中的运动。 所有粒子都具有“波动”性质。 当系统的尺寸与粒子的波长相称时，就会产生戏剧性的结果。 我们是第一个证明弯管中的粒子具有束缚态的人。 我们研究这种状态的理论和实验，在管和波导。 我们还研究了粒子通过弯管时的“湍流”的发生。

This proposal continues a program of basic research in nuclear physics. It is known that `nucleons` (protons and neutrons) are composed of subunits called `quarks`. In low energy nuclear physics a property called `charge symmetry` is well preserved. It is assumed (with little experimental evidence) to be equally valid at high energies. This project investigates whether charge symmetry is broken at high energies. We suggest precise experiments to improve our understanding of charge symmetry. We also relate charge symmetry to another property called flavor symmetry, which states that different `types` of quarks should contribute equally in protons and neutrons. We also study the motion of particles in very narrow two dimensional systems. All particles possess `wavelike` properties. When system dimensions are commensurate with a particle's wavelength, dramatic results occur. We were the first to demonstrate that a particle in a bent tube possesses bound states. We study both theory and experiment for such states, in both tubes and wave guides. We also study the onset of `turbulence` when particles move through bent tubes.