Antarctic Coastal Polynya Study: Moored Observations

南极沿海冰间湖研究：停泊观测

• 批准号: 9727040
• 负责人: James Richman
• 金额: $ 25.5万
• 依托单位: Oregon State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-04-15 至 2000-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9727040&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Antarctic; Coastal; Polynya; Study; Moored

*** 9727040 Richman This project is a study of the formation of deep and bottom water masses on the continental shelf off East Antarctica. In a collaborative program with the Australian Cooperative Research Centre for the Antarctic and Southern Ocean Environment, a series of oceanographic moorings will be set out in early 1998 and recovered in December 1998. This project will contribute two current meters, temperature recorders, and temperature-salinity sensors to be incorporated into the Australian moorings, and participate in the analysis of the recovered data. The antarctic continental shelves are the source regions for globally distributed deep water masses, particularly Antarctic Bottom Water. Water intruding on the continental shelf is cooled because the atmosphere extracts heat from the ocean at high latitude, and its salinity may be increased because of ice formation. Newly formed sea ice is substantially less salty than the ocean water in which it froze; the excluded salt thus raises the salinity of the remaining water. Since both processes increase the density of the water mass it will flow to the ocean bottom, driven by gravity. The rate at which deep and bottom water masses are replaced is an important factor in global climate issues such as the oceanic uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide and the latitudinal temperature gradient. The mooring site will be off the Mertz Glacier, where an annually persistent area of open water enhances both ocean heat loss to the atmosphere and ice formation. Both the deployment and recovery of the moorings will be done from the Australian supply ship M.V. Aurora Australis. ***

这个项目是对东南极洲大陆架上深水和底水团形成的研究。在同澳大利亚南极和南大洋环境合作研究中心的一项合作方案中，将于1998年初建立一系列海洋系泊，并于1998年12月恢复。该项目将为澳大利亚系泊提供两台流速计、温度记录仪和温度-盐度传感器，并参与对恢复数据的分析。南极大陆架是全球分布的深水团，特别是南极底水的源区。由于大气从高纬度的海洋中吸收热量，侵入大陆架的水被冷却，而且由于冰的形成，水的盐度可能会增加。新形成的海冰的含盐量远低于其冻结的海水；因此，排除在外的盐提高了剩余水的盐度。由于这两个过程都增加了水团的密度，它将在重力的推动下流向海底。深海和海底水团被替换的速度是全球气候问题的一个重要因素，如海洋对大气二氧化碳的吸收和纬度温度梯度。停泊地点将在默茨冰川附近，那里每年持续的开放水域增加了海洋热量向大气的损失和冰的形成。部署和回收系泊将由澳大利亚补给舰“南极光号”（M.V. Aurora Australis）完成。＊＊＊