Historical Databases of African American English and Gullah

在20世纪30年代和40年代，有两个相当大的非裔美国人群体接受了美国语言地图集项目工作表的采访：1)在1933年，洛伦佐·特纳在南卡罗来纳州和佐治亚州的七个县对格勒人进行了21次采访；盖·洛曼和瑞文·麦克戴维从马里兰州南到佐治亚州共完成了32次采访。这些说话者的回答被印象派地转录成精细的国际音标语音。这个项目将把这些线人的回答，加上20世纪60年代和70年代为语言地图集采访的另外9名非裔美国人的回答，输入一个计算机数据库。现有的《语言地图集》网站将允许访问该数据库，该网站每月的“点击量”已经超过1万次。普通公众和学者都将能够浏览和搜索非裔美国人和格勒人的材料，就像他们现在可以访问中大西洋和南大西洋国家语言地图集的数据一样；他们还将能够在数据库中绘制“谁在哪里说了什么”的地图。学者们对这一庞大而一致的历史非裔美国人英语语料库的随时访问应该使对词汇和发音的新分析成为可能，这些分析可以评论当代非裔美国人白话英语的起源和性质。

During the 1930s and 1940s two sizable groups of African Americans were interviewed with the work sheets of the American Linguistic Atlas Project: 1) in 1933 Lorenzo Turner conducted 21 interviews among Gullah speakers in seven South Carolina and Georgia counties; 2) Guy Lowman and Raven McDavid completed a total of 32 interviews from Maryland south to Georgia. The responses of these speakers were transcribed impressionistically in fine IPA phonetics. This project will enter the responses for these informants, plus the responses of nine more African Americans interviewed for the Linguistic Atlas in the 1 960s and 1 970s, into a computer database. Access to the database will be enabled on the existing Linguistic Atlas Web site, which is already receiving over 10,000 `hits` per month. The general public and scholars alike will be able to browse and search the African American and Gullah materials in the same way that they now can access data from the Linguistic Atlas of the Middle and South Atlantic States; they will also be able to make maps of `who said what where` within the database. Ready access by scholars to this large, consistent corpus of historical African American English should make possible new analyses of the lexicon and pronunciation which can comment on the origins and nature of contemporary African American Vernacular English.