Nonequilibrium Dynamics of Disordered Condensed Matter Systems

9730678马切蒂理论研究将进行理解各种空间扩展凝聚态系统的动力学特性的目标。 研究的主要部分集中在通过无序驱动的周期性介质的非平衡动力学。 这类系统的例子包括II型超导体中的磁通晶格、各向异性导体中的电荷密度波和二维电子气中的磁感应维格纳晶体。 正如最近的实验所揭示的那样，互动、无序和驱动力的相互作用导致了一种复杂的动力学，人们对此知之甚少。 这项工作的主要目标是发展一个理论框架来描述这些非平衡系统，并绘制出它们的非平衡相图。 密切相关的问题，也将被调查出现在微观模型的摩擦和润滑。 一个重要的区别是，惯性项，可以忽略的过阻尼系统，如磁通格子，可能是重要的，在这种情况下，改变滑动状态的性质。 一个关键的目标是了解表面粗糙度和体积弹性在屈服耗散的相对重要性。 另一项工作更直接地继续过去对II型超导体中磁通线阵列的研究。 重点是纠缠和纵向相关性的物理后果，通过磁化测量和运输实验进行实验探索。 这两个分析工作，针对两种流体的流体动力学能够描述纠缠和解开通量液体的组件，和数值计算工作，解决横向迈斯纳效应对点无序的稳定性，进行了说明。 对一类描述高温超导体行为的问题进行理论研究。 这类问题非常常见，其结果也将影响摩擦、电荷 周期性介质中的输运和低温下的新相。 ***

9730678 Marchetti Theoretical research will be conducted with the goal of understanding the dynamical properties of various spatially extended condensed matter systems. A major part of the research focusses on the nonequilibrium dynamics of periodic media driven through disorder. Examples of such systems include flux lattices in type-II superconductors, charge density waves in anisotropic conductors and the magnetically- induced Wigner crystal in a two-dimensional electron gas. As revealed by recent experiments, the interplay of interaction, disorder and drive results in a complex dynamics that is poorly understood. The main goals of this work are to develop a theoretical framework for the description of these nonequilibrium systems and to map out their nonequilibrium phase diagrams. Closely related problems that will also be investigated arise in microscopic models of friction and lubrication. One important difference is that inertial terms, negligible for overdamped systems such as flux lattices, may be important in this case and change the nature of the sliding state. A key objective is to understand the relative importance of surface roughness and bulk elasticity in yielding dissipation. Another effort more directly continues past research on flux- line arrays in type-II superconductors. The focus is on the physical consequences of entanglement and longtudinal correlations which are probed experimentally by magnetization measurements and transport experiments. Both analytical work, aiming at a two-fluid hydrodynamics capable of describing both entangled and disentangled components of flux liquid, and numerical work, addressing the stability of the transverse Meissner effect against point disorder, are described. %%% Theoretical research will be conducted on a class of problems which describe the behavior of the high temperature superconductors. These type of problems are very common and the results will also impact studies of friction, charge transport in periodic media and novel phases at low temperatues. ***