CAREER: The Laboratory Experience: Introductory Physics through Independent Research

职业：实验室经验：通过独立研究介绍物理学

• 批准号: 9733898
• 负责人: Rena Zieve
• 金额: $ 30万
• 依托单位: University of California-Davis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-06-15 至 2003-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9733898&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Laboratory; Experience; Introductory; Physics

Zieve 9733898 This is a CAREER Award to a female scientist and is composed of two subprojects. One component employs the controlled introduction of structural defects to modify the phase diagram and vortex behavior of the superconducting heavy fermion system (U,Th)Be13. This system exhibits multiple superconducting phases, as well as magnetism, and should provide clues to understanding other unconventional superconductors, such as the high-Tc superconductors. Columnar defects will be created through heavy- ion irradiation, and point defects through both irradiation and substitution. Low-temperature thermodynamic and magnetic measurements will be used to identify the superconducting wave function(s) of the system. The educational component involves facilitating undergraduate research through a less technically demanding set of experiments. These involve the study of packing arrangements of solid objects. Vibrating a container of beads anneals them into the densest possible arrangement in two dimensions, but not in three dimensions. This project will examine the dimensional crossover by varying container size and shape, and will test different annealing procedures to determine the interaction of dimensionality and dynamical processes. %%% This a CAREER Award to a female scientist and is composed of two subprojects. One component investigates materials known as "heavy fermion" superconductors. These superconductors carry electric current with no energy loss, like ordinary superconductors, but in addition exhibit unusual magnetic behavior. Structural imperfections of the atoms in the sample will be deliberately introduced in order to modify their electrical and magnetic properties. The resulting changes in the onset temperature of superconductivity and the magnetic behavior of the superconductor are expected to shed light on the atomic origins of the superconductivity. This could lead to new superconducting materials and a better understanding of superconductors in practical applications. The educational component will introduce undergraduates to research through a less technically demanding set of experiments. These experiments involve studies of how objects arrange themselves in two and three dimensions. Shaking solid objects, such as glass beads, causes them to pack in the densest way possible if the objects are constrained to a single layer. However, this does not occur if they are stacked in three dimensions, as in a jar of coffee beans. To understand the transition from two-dimensional to three-dimensional behavior, arrangements of objects only a few layers thick will be studied. The general problem of packing is relevant to the fabrication of new composite materials, where high density components often impart special properties to the overall material. Technical abstract

ZIEVE 9733898这是一个授予女科学家的职业奖，由两个子项目组成。其中一个组分利用结构缺陷的控制引入来修改超导重费米子系统(U，Th)BE13的相图和涡旋行为。该系统表现出多个超导相，以及磁性，应该为理解其他非常规超导体，如高T_c超导体提供线索。柱状缺陷是通过重离子辐照产生的，点缺陷是通过辐照和替代产生的。低温热力学和磁测量将被用来确定该系统的超导波函数(S)。教育部分包括通过一系列技术要求较低的实验来促进本科生的研究。这些涉及固体物体的堆积排列的研究。振动一个装有珠子的容器可以使它们在二维内退火成最密集的排列，但不能在三维上退火。这个项目将通过改变集装箱的大小和形状来检查维度交叉，并将测试不同的退火程序，以确定维度和动态过程的相互作用。这是授予一位女科学家的职业奖，由两个子项目组成。其中一个组成部分研究的是被称为“重费米子”超导体的材料。这些超导体像普通超导体一样携带电流，没有能量损失，但另外还表现出不同寻常的磁性行为。样品中原子的结构缺陷将被故意引入，以改变它们的电和磁性质。由此产生的超导起始温度的变化和超导体的磁性行为有望揭示超导的原子起源。这可能会带来新的超导材料，并在实际应用中更好地理解超导体。教育部分将通过一系列技术要求较低的实验来引导本科生进行研究。这些实验包括研究物体如何在二维和三维空间中排列。如果对象被约束到单个层，则摇动实体对象(如玻璃珠)会使它们以最密集的方式堆积。然而，如果它们以三维方式堆放在一起，比如在一罐咖啡豆中，这种情况就不会发生。为了理解从二维行为到三维行为的转变，我们将研究只有几层厚的物体的排列。包装的一般问题与新复合材料的制造有关，在新复合材料的制造中，高密度组件往往赋予整体材料特殊的性能。技术摘要