SBIR Phase I: Low-Cost, Emissions Sensor for Compression Ignition Direct Injection Engines

这个小型企业创新研究第一阶段项目计划证明，压燃式(柴油)发动机是轻型汽车的一项有吸引力的候选技术，因为它们的基准热效率比火花点火、节流汽油燃料发动机高得多。柴油发动机广泛用于第3至第8类车辆，但需要大幅减少氮氧化物(NOx)和颗粒物的排放，才能达到当前和预期的轻型排放标准。在中型车辆上使用目前的重型柴油发动机技术意味着NOx的排放量为每英里0.8-1.0克，远高于第I级标准的0.4克/英里。或ULEV标准为0.2g/mi。此外，缺乏实时传感器技术来表征NOx排放，阻碍了最新控制创新的应用，这可能解决氯气发动机动力学的非线性、多变性。在第一阶段，Neurodye和Ion Optics建议应用创新的红外“智能”传感技术，使用Navistar V-8柴油发动机识别和表征NOx排放。这种组合将产生一种适用于柴油或火花点火发动机的小型、低功耗、热稳定且具有成本效益的红外排放传感器。这一努力将提供必要的反馈信息，使下一代车辆能够开发减少排放控制。伊顿公司已经审查了我们的设计，并提出对该传感器进行Beta测试，以便可能包括在他们的汽车和卡车设备产品线中。

This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project plans to demonstrate that compression-ignition (diesel) engines are an attractive candidate technology for light duty vehicles due to their much higher baseline thermal efficiency than spark-ignited, throttled gasoline fueled engines. Diesel engines are used extensively in Class 3 to Class 8 vehicles but will require significant reductions in emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter before current and anticipated light duty emissions standards may be met. The use of present day heavy duty diesel engine technology in a mid-size vehicle would imply NOx emissions of 0.8-1.0 grams per mile (g/mi.), well above Tier I standards of 0.4 g/mi. or ULEV standards of 0.2 g/mi. Furthermore, the lack of real-time sensor technology to characterize NOx emissions prevents the application of recent innovations in control, which may address the nonlinear, varying nature of Cl engine dynamics. In Phase I, NeuroDyne and Ion Optics propose to apply innovative IR `smart` sensing technology to identify and characterize NOx emissions using a Navistar V-8 diesel engine. This combination will yield a small, low power, thermally stable and cost effective IR emissions sensor applicable to diesel or spark-ignition engines. This effort will provide the necessary feedback information to enable the development of reduced emissions control in next generation vehicles. Eaton Corporation has reviewed our design and has offered to beta-test the sensor for potential inclusion in their automotive and truck equipment product line.