SBIR Phase I: Low-Cost, Emissions Sensor for Compression Ignition Direct Injection Engines

这个小企业创新研究第一阶段项目计划证明压缩点火（柴油）发动机是轻型车辆的一种有吸引力的候选技术，因为它比火花点火、节流的汽油燃料发动机具有更高的基准热效率。柴油发动机广泛用于3级至8级车辆，但在达到当前和预期的轻型车辆排放标准之前，需要大幅减少氮氧化物（NOx）和颗粒物的排放。在中型车辆中使用目前的重型柴油发动机技术意味着氮氧化物排放量为每英里0.8-1.0克（g/mi.），远高于一级标准0.4 g/mi。或ULEV标准0.2 g/mi。此外，缺乏实时传感器技术来表征氮氧化物排放，阻碍了最近在控制方面的创新应用，这些创新可能会解决Cl发动机动力学的非线性和变化性质。在第一阶段，NeuroDyne和Ion Optics提议应用创新的红外“智能”传感技术来识别和表征使用Navistar V-8柴油发动机的氮氧化物排放。这种组合将产生一种小型，低功率，热稳定和成本有效的红外排放传感器，适用于柴油或火花点火发动机。这项工作将提供必要的反馈信息，使下一代汽车的减排控制得以发展。伊顿公司已经审查了我们的设计，并提出对传感器进行beta测试，以确定其潜在的汽车和卡车设备产品线。

This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project plans to demonstrate that compression-ignition (diesel) engines are an attractive candidate technology for light duty vehicles due to their much higher baseline thermal efficiency than spark-ignited, throttled gasoline fueled engines. Diesel engines are used extensively in Class 3 to Class 8 vehicles but will require significant reductions in emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter before current and anticipated light duty emissions standards may be met. The use of present day heavy duty diesel engine technology in a mid-size vehicle would imply NOx emissions of 0.8-1.0 grams per mile (g/mi.), well above Tier I standards of 0.4 g/mi. or ULEV standards of 0.2 g/mi. Furthermore, the lack of real-time sensor technology to characterize NOx emissions prevents the application of recent innovations in control, which may address the nonlinear, varying nature of Cl engine dynamics. In Phase I, NeuroDyne and Ion Optics propose to apply innovative IR `smart` sensing technology to identify and characterize NOx emissions using a Navistar V-8 diesel engine. This combination will yield a small, low power, thermally stable and cost effective IR emissions sensor applicable to diesel or spark-ignition engines. This effort will provide the necessary feedback information to enable the development of reduced emissions control in next generation vehicles. Eaton Corporation has reviewed our design and has offered to beta-test the sensor for potential inclusion in their automotive and truck equipment product line.