Investigating the Social Formation of Tells at catal Hoyuk, Turkey

在土耳其 catal Hoyuk 调查 Tells 的社会形态

• 批准号: 9805755
• 负责人: Ruth Tringham
• 金额: $ 24.63万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-07-01 至 2001-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9805755&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Investigating; Social; Formation; Tells; catal

Dr. Ruth Tringham will lead a large group of collaborators and participate in the excavation of the archaeological site of Catal Hoyuk. Located on the Konya Plain of Central Anatolia Turkey a small portion of the site was excavated by Dr. James Mellaart in the early 1960s. On the basis of this work Catal Hoyuk has become famous as the world's `earliest city` and for the insights it has provided into the origins of agriculture and early Neolithic religious practice. It's buried architectural remains are well preserved and include embellishment of walls and floors by relief sculptures in clay and painted frescoes. In collaboration with Dr. Ian Hodder and a University of Cambridge team Dr. Tringham will expand on this earlier research. She is focusing on a series of houses which preliminary excavation indicates have a complex occupational history. Catal Hoyuk consists of a `tell` or highly stratified mound which is composed mostly of occupational debris. In the past most archaeologists have divided such tells into `levels` and assumed that each was occupied and then later abandoned simultaneously. Dr. Tringham has reasonable argued that such an assumption is likely incorrect and to understand change through time it makes much more sense to focus on the histories of individual houses. Because such structures are replastered, repainted and remodeled many times, through careful excavation and analysis it is possible to reconstruct their histories. The larger issue Dr. Tringham will address involves the trajectory which leads to complex stratified centralized societies. Based on her past work in Eastern Europe, she notes that the tells characteristic of the Middle East are lacking in Europe. Likewise a similar level of social complexity is not reached. Through the careful excavation and analysis of Catal Hoyuk Dr. Tringham hopes to reconstruct the nature of the social organization which led to groups remaining at a single location long enough to allow tell development. She will contrast this to patterns reconstructed during her European work. Because of the significance of Catal Hoyuk this research will yield results of interest to many researchers. It will help scientists understand the processes which led to the development of state level societies and provide training for both US and Turkish students.

Ruth Tringham博士将带领一大批合作者，并参与Catal Hoyuk考古遗址的挖掘工作。该遗址位于土耳其安纳托利亚中部的科尼亚平原，20世纪60年代初，詹姆斯·梅拉特博士挖掘了该遗址的一小部分。在这部著作的基础上，卡塔尔霍尤克因其对农业起源和新石器时代早期宗教实践的深刻见解而成为世界上最早的城市。它被掩埋的建筑遗迹保存得很好，包括用粘土浮雕和彩绘壁画装饰墙壁和地板。特林厄姆博士将与伊恩·霍德博士和剑桥大学的一个团队合作，对这项早期的研究进行扩展。她把重点放在一系列房屋上，初步发掘表明这些房屋有复杂的职业历史。Catal Hoyuk由一个“Tell”或高度分层的土堆组成，主要由职业碎片组成。在过去，大多数考古学家将这样的故事分成几个级别，并假设每个级别都被占据，然后后来同时被遗弃。特林厄姆博士合理地辩称，这样的假设很可能是不正确的，为了理解随着时间的变化，关注个别房屋的历史要有意义得多。由于这种结构经过多次重新粉刷、重新粉刷和重塑，通过仔细的挖掘和分析，有可能重建它们的历史。特林厄姆博士将解决的更大问题涉及导致复杂的分层中央集权社会的轨迹。根据她过去在东欧的工作，她指出，中东的特点在欧洲是缺乏的。同样，也没有达到类似的社会复杂性水平。通过对Catal Hoyuk的仔细挖掘和分析，特林厄姆博士希望重建导致群体停留在单一地点足够长的时间以允许Tell发展的社会组织的性质。她将把这与她在欧洲工作期间重建的模式进行对比。由于Catal Hoyuk的重要性，这项研究将产生许多研究人员感兴趣的结果。它将帮助科学家了解导致国家一级社会发展的过程，并为美国和土耳其的学生提供培训。