Evolution of Complex Life Cycles and Host Relationships in Pemphigine Aphids

天疱疮蚜虫复杂生命周期和寄主关系的进化

• 批准号: 9807076
• 负责人: Carol von Dohlen
• 金额: $ 16万
• 依托单位: Utah State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-09-15 至 2002-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9807076&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Evolution; Complex; Life; Cycles; Host

9807076 Von Dohlen Ahids comprise a group of insects that tap plant sap as a sole food source. As a consequence of this feeding mode, aphids have evolved sedentary life styles and simplified morphologies; several are devastating agricultural pests. Some groups of aphids also have evolved complicated life cycles that incorporate obligate, seasonal migrations between unrelated plant hosts over several clonal generations. In addition, members of these groups often induce deformations of their hosts, or galls, with simple to complex structure. This collaborative project joins the expertise of Carol von Dohlen (molecular systematics) and two Japanese scientists, Shigeyuki Aoki and Utako Kurosu (aphid taxonomy) in applying molecular phylogenetic methods to reconstruct the evolutionary history of aphids with complex life cycles. Methods of gene amplification (polymerase chain reaction), cloning, and sequencing will be employed to obtain DNA sequences of several genes for approximately 63 aphid species. These data will be used to reconstruct evolutionary relationships among the most ancient aphid subfamilies, as well as relationships of taxa within the subfamily Pemphiginae. Specific hypotheses concerning the historical transitions between life cycle types, host plants, and gall forms will be tested with current methods for reconstructing evolutionary trees. Our research will address questions concerning the number of origins of complex life cycles among older aphid lineages, whether such cycles may have originated by different mechanisms, whether shifts among different host-plant taxa have been few or frequent, and whether origins of complex gall structure have led to increased species diversity. This project will increase our understanding of the evolutionary interactions between insects and host plants for an insect group whose history has been difficult to reconstruct on the basis of morphology. In addition, it will promote intellectual exchange and communication between geographically remote scientists with long-standing, complementary interests and skills.

小行星9807076 蚜虫是一组以植物汁液为唯一食物来源的昆虫。 由于这种进食模式，蚜虫进化出了定居的生活方式和简化的形态;有几种是毁灭性的农业害虫。 一些蚜虫群体也进化出复杂的生活史，在几个克隆世代中，在不相关的植物宿主之间进行专性的季节性迁移。 此外，这些群体的成员往往诱导其宿主的变形，或虫瘿，具有简单到复杂的结构。 这个合作项目结合了Carol von Dohlen（分子系统学）和两位日本科学家Shigeyuki Aoki和Utako Kurosu（蚜虫分类学）的专业知识，应用分子系统发育方法重建具有复杂生命周期的蚜虫的进化历史。 将采用基因扩增（聚合酶链反应）、克隆和测序的方法获得约63种蚜虫的几个基因的DNA序列。 这些数据将被用来重建最古老的蚜虫亚科之间的进化关系，以及在亚科天疱疮的类群之间的关系。 关于生活史类型，寄主植物和虫瘿形式之间的历史过渡的具体假设将与目前的重建进化树的方法进行测试。 我们的研究将解决的问题，复杂的生命周期的起源在老蚜虫谱系的数量，这样的周期是否可能起源于不同的机制，不同的寄主植物类群之间的变化是否已经很少或频繁，以及复杂的胆汁结构的起源是否导致物种多样性增加。 这个项目将增加我们对昆虫和寄主植物之间进化相互作用的理解，因为昆虫群体的历史很难在形态学的基础上重建。 此外，它还将促进地理位置偏远、具有长期互补兴趣和技能的科学家之间的知识交流和沟通。