Microscale and Mesoscale Structures in Convective Marine Boundary Layers

从水面到大气的热量和水分传输的特征对于促进对天气和气候的理解是重要的。本研究将通过对特定场资料的观测研究和数值模式模拟，探讨对流海洋边界层的动力学和热力学性质及特征。这些云顶边界层的形成是对冬季冷空气团的响应，这些冷空气团从大陆地区平流到温暖的洋流，以及相对温暖的开放沃茨的大型内陆湖泊，如五大湖。本研究中的观测研究将集中在对流边界层湍流的统计特征上，并将利用已经完成的实地计划的数据。 一个先进的数值模拟模式将被用来研究负责对流结构的物理过程。 该模型将使用在一个现场项目中收集的特殊体积激光雷达数据进行验证。 将开发新的统计方法来计算高阶矩（例如，垂直速度偏度）在二维和三维数据集从数值模型模拟和现场观测（如激光雷达数据扫描）。 还将从数字化卫星数据等相干遥感数据流中确定对流云场中的信号，并与现场地面实况观测进行比较。该项目的成功完成将使人们更好地了解海洋边界层对大气层的影响。

The characteristics of the transfer of heat and moisture from water surfaces to the atmosphere is important to advancing understanding of both weather and climate. This research will address the dynamic and thermodynamic properties and characteristics of convective marine boundary layers through both observational study of special field data and numerical model simulations. These cloud-topped boundary layers form in response to wintertime cold air masses that advect from continental regions out over warm ocean currents, as well as the relatively warm open waters of large inland lakes such as the Great Lakes.Observational studies in this research will focus on the statistical characteristics of turbulence of the convective boundary layer and will utilize data from already completed field programs. An advanced numerical simulation model will be use to study the physical processes responsible for convective structures. The model will be validated using special volumetric LIDAR data collected during one of the field programs. New statistical methods will be developed for calculating higher-order moments (e.g., vertical velocity skewness) in two-dimensional and three-dimensional data sets from both the numerical model simulations and field observations (such as the LIDAR data scans). Determination of signals in convective cloud fields from coherent remotely sensed data streams, such as digitized satellite data, will also be pursued and compared with in situ ground truth observations. Successful completion of this project will result in better understanding of the impact of the marine boundary layer on the atmosphere.