Dissertation Research: Origin and Adaptive Significance of Polyploidy in Achillea millefolium (Asteraceae)

论文研究：蓍草（菊科）多倍体的起源和适应性意义

• 批准号: 9902294
• 负责人: Douglas Schemske
• 金额: $ 0.87万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-06-01 至 2002-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9902294&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Origin; Adaptive; Significance

Schemske9902294Most animals possess two sets of chromosomes, but many plants are polyploid and have four or more chromosome complements. This research investigates the origins and ecological significance of polyploidy in the native wildflower Achillea millefolium. A combination of laboratory, greenhouse and field experiments will examine (1) the frequency and causes of polyploid formation, (2) the effects of chromosome number on ecological characteristics and reproductive success in different environments, and (3) the role of polyploidy in creating and maintaining ecological and genetic diversity. A novel aspect of the research is the use of first-generation "neopolyploids" to distinguish the effects of ploidy per se from other genetic factors.Polyploids are common in nature, and often occupy unique ecological niches. Most weeds and crop plants are polyploid. In spite of their importance, the origins of polyploids are poorly known, as are the reasons for their ecological success and economic importance. This study addresses these issues in a native wildflower, but is also relevant to other organisms. Recent data from DNA sequencing projects suggest that many animals, including humans, are cryptic polyploids possessing three or four copies of each gene scattered through the genome. Thus, polyploid research may provide insight into the genetic systems of a wide array of higher organisms.

大多数动物拥有两套染色体，但许多植物是多倍体，有四个或更多的染色体互补。 本研究探讨了野生花卉千叶芹多倍体的起源及其生态学意义。 结合实验室，温室和田间实验将检查（1）多倍体形成的频率和原因，（2）染色体数目对生态特征和不同环境中繁殖成功的影响，以及（3）多倍体在创造和维持生态和遗传多样性中的作用。 这项研究的一个新的方面是使用第一代“新多倍体”来区分倍性本身与其他遗传因素的影响。多倍体在自然界中很常见，并且经常占据独特的生态位。 大多数杂草和农作物都是多倍体。 尽管它们的重要性，多倍体的起源知之甚少，因为是他们的生态成功和经济重要性的原因。 这项研究解决了这些问题，在一个本地的野花，但也与其他生物。 DNA测序项目的最新数据表明，包括人类在内的许多动物都是神秘的多倍体，每个基因都有三个或四个副本分散在基因组中。 因此，多倍体的研究可以提供深入了解遗传系统的一系列更高的生物。