Income Redistribution in a Federal System

项目摘要：本项目研究司法管辖区系统中的收入再分配。收入再分配或扶贫也受到了学者和政策制定者的广泛关注。虽然由于大量的研究，一般的收入再分配得到了很好的理解，但联邦制度中的再分配有一个突出的特征，这是对收入再分配的一般分析所不能解决的。也就是说，贫穷的受助人可能会根据联邦制度中不同司法管辖区之间援助水平的差异而采取行动。因此，在制定再分配政策时，每个司法管辖区必须考虑到其再分配政策对在司法管辖区之间重新分配穷人的后果。这一特点使得对联邦制度下的再分配的分析既有趣又复杂。围绕司法管辖区系统的收入再分配的一些问题进行了探讨。然而，其他重要问题还有待分析，拟议的研究项目将考虑联邦制度下收入再分配的三个相互关联的方面。首先，该项目调查了一个司法管辖区的再分配程度如何取决于再分配政策的目标。初步结果表明，再分配的程度随着福利水平、福利接受者人数或福利支出总额等政策目标的不同而有很大差异。其次，私人捐赠在帮助穷人方面发挥了重要作用，该分析将私人捐赠纳入了联邦系统的收入再分配。每个辖区的政府都必须考虑私人捐助者对政策的反应。这种考虑似乎显著影响了收入再分配的挤出效应和效率。第三，分析其他因素的流动性对收入再分配的影响。在联邦制中，不仅贫穷的受助人，其他资源，尤其是资本，也会在不同的司法管辖区之间流动。其他因素的流动性可能会对再分配政策产生重要影响。

SBR-9904103Project AbstractThis project examines income redistribution in a system of jurisdictions. Income redistribution or assisting the poor has received a great deal of attention from scholars and policymakers as well. While income redistribution in general is understood well due to a large body of research, redistribution in a federal system has a prominent feature that a general analysis of income redistribution does not address. That is, the poor recipients may move in response to the difference in the level of assistance between jurisdictions in a federal system. As a result, in making redistributive policies, each jurisdiction must take into account the consequences of its redistributive policy on the reallocation of the poor among jurisdictions. This feature makes the analysis of redistribution in a federal system intriguing and complicated. Some of the issues surrounding income redistribution in a system of jurisdictions have been explored. However, other important issues have yet to be analyzed, and the proposed research project will consider three interrelated aspects of income redistribution in a federal system.First, the project investigates how the extent of redistribution in a jurisdiction depends on the objectives of redistributive policies. Preliminary results have shown that the extent of redistribution varies considerably with the goals of policies such as the level of welfare benefits, the number of welfare recipients, or total welfare expenditures.Second, private donations have played an important role in assisting the poor, and the analysis incorporates private donations into income redistribution in a federal system. The government for each jurisdiction must consider how private donors react to policies. Such consideration appears to significantly affect the crowding-out effect and the efficiency of income redistribution.Third, the project analyzes the effects of mobility of other factors on income redistribution. In a federal system, not only the poor recipients but also other resources, notably capital, move between jurisdictions. The mobility of other factors may turn out to have important implications for redistributive policies.