The History of Igneous Petrology

SES 99-05627-Davis A.Young(加尔文学院)火成岩的历史尽管在地质史上进行了广泛的研究，但还没有人对作为基本地质学科之一的火成岩的历史进行全面的调查。研究人员自1995年以来一直致力于这一调查，并将在1999-2000学年和2000年夏季的一年休假期间完成火成岩石学历史的写作。其基本目标是发现科学、技术、社会、地理、制度、教育、哲学、个人和政治因素影响该学科整体发展的方式，并撰写一篇写给岩石学家、矿物学家、地球化学家和地质学家的叙事、思想和岩浆，分析这些因素在火成岩石学发展中的相互作用。本文将有助于我们理解关于火山的早期观点、玄武岩争论的起源、早期关于深成岩的观点、早期岩石学概念、微观岩石学的出现、地质时代在早期岩石学分类中的作用、火成岩岩石学的空间方面、19世纪的火成岩成因理论、早期实验岩石学、鲍文的分离结晶理论、对分离结晶理论的反应、层状火成岩侵入体的发现、花岗岩的争论、火成岩侵入体的机制、微量元素地球化学的发展、与火成岩有关的板块构造、岩石学中的同位素地质学、岩浆动力学、二十世纪后半叶的火成岩成因、最近的图形分类、岩石学的争论、火成岩侵入体的机制、微量元素地球化学的发展、与火成岩有关的板块构造、岩石学中的同位素地质学、岩浆动力学、二十世纪后半叶的火成岩成因、最近的图形分类、岩石学的争论、火成岩侵入体的机制、微量元素地球化学的发展、与火成岩有关的板块构造、岩石学中的同位素地质学、岩浆动力学、二十世纪后期的火成岩成因、最近的图形分类、岩石学的岩石学。和行星火成岩。由于火成岩的全面历史从未被写成，调查者将主要根据已发表的来源进行调查，包括技术岩石学文章；专著；岩石学教科书；地质部门、政府调查和研究机构的历史；地质学家的个人回忆录；与火成岩有关的历史文献。调查人员将在1999年秋季和2000年1月期间在密歇根州的安娜堡检查密歇根大学图书馆的地质文献。调查员还将于1999年夏季在剑桥大学图书馆花一个月的时间审查与剑桥岩石学家有关的地质文献和档案资料。该项目的图书馆阶段应于2000年2月基本结束。调查员将在2000年2月至夏季期间撰写手稿。

SES 99-05627 - Davis A. Young (Calvin College) The History of Igneous PetrologyDespite a wide range of studies in the history of geology, no comprehensive survey of the history of igneous petrology, one of the fundamental geological disciplines, has yet been written. The investigator has been working on such a survey since 1995 and will complete writing the history of igneous petrology during a year-long sabbatical leave in Academic Year 1999-2000 and Summer 2000.The fundamental objectives are to discover the ways in which scientific, technological, social, geographical, institutional, educational, philosophical, personal, and political factors have influenced the overall development of the discipline and to write a narrative, Mind and Magma, addressed to petrologists, mineralogists, geochemists, and historians of geology that analyzes the interplay of these factors on the unfolding of igneous petrology. The text will contribute to our understanding of early ideas about volcanoes, the origin of basalt controversy, early views on plutonism, early petrographic concepts, the advent of microscopic petrography, the role of geologic age in early petrographic classification, spatial aspects of igneous petrology, nineteenth-century theories of igneous petrogenesis, early experimental petrology, Bowen's theory of fractional crystallization, the reaction to the theory of fractional crystallization, the discovery of layered igneous intrusives, the granite controversy, the mechanics of igneous intrusion, the development of trace-element geochemistry, plate tectonics in relation to igneous petrology, isotopic geology in petrology, magma dynamics, igneous petrogenesis in the latter twentieth century, recent petrographic classification, and planetary igneous petrology.Because a comprehensive history of igneous petrology has never been written, the investigator will base the survey primarily on published sources including technical petrological articles; monographs; petrology textbooks; histories of geology departments, government surveys, and research institutions; personal memoirs of geologists; and historiographic literature pertinent to igneous petrology. The investigator will spend Fall 1999 and January 2000 in Ann Arbor, Michigan, examining the geological literature in the library of the University of Michigan. The investigator will also spend one month during Summer 1999 in the library of the University of Cambridge examining geological literature and archival materials pertaining to Cambridge petrologists.The library phase of the project should be essentially concluded by February 2000. The investigator will devote February through Summer 2000 to writing the manuscript.