Collaborative Research: The Role of Wind-Driven Transport in Shelf-Productivity: Zooplankton Population Maintenance, Grazing, and Reproductive Response

9908072Bollens这一合作项目由沿海海洋过程(COOP)方案赞助，涉及五个机构的11名调查人员，其重点是风力驱动的运输对大陆架生产力的作用。风力驱动的大陆架代表着一种悖论，因为它们的特点是由于营养物质向上流入真光层而具有高生产力，而风力强迫也代表着通过近海输送和初级生产者的深度(光限制)混合而产生的负面物理和生物控制。具体地说，沿海洋中纬度东部边界的上升流生态系统以风力强迫和较低营养水平的高生产力而闻名，伴随着近海浮游生物的运输。这组研究人员将进行一项跨学科的研究，以检查风力驱动的运输在加州北部大陆架上的生产力中所起的作用。研究的重点将是解释东部边界大陆架上高生产力浮游系统对风力驱动的运输的综合作用的关键过程，特别是确定这些过程对风的强度和风强迫的时间尺度的敏感性。工作还将确定营养物质-浮游植物-浮游动物(NPZ)食物链的具体特征，这些特征导致次生生产力随着风力的变化而增加或减少。为了实施这项研究，部分工作将同时研究由风力驱动的三维水循环以及浮游植物和浮游动物物种的大小结构分布。其他努力将研究控制初级生产力、浮游动物种群反应以及博德加湾附近强风驱动的陆架和斜坡上浮游生物和营养物质离岸运输的关键物理和生物过程。已经制定了一项综合抽样方案，并结合适当的物理-生物模型来设计合成和指导实地工作。野外工作将包括固定站时间序列、船舶调查、漂流物释放和卫星遥感。实地考察工作分为两部分--一部分集中在博德加湾附近的系泊阵列上，另一部分涉及船舶勘测和漂流者。系泊阵列侧重于跨陆架环流的欧拉测量，目的也是解决上/下涌通量。调查和漂流者将重点放在水柱的变化上，特别是上升的水在离开系泊地点时成熟。通过将这些数据与卫星提供的天气测量数据和建模的综合方面结合起来，该项目力求处理与风力驱动运输有关的所有重要过程。这项研究的这一特定部分解决了研究中浮游动物的组成部分--物理运输和初级生产对关键浮游动物生物的影响，这些浮游动物能够保持大陆架上的生产力或将生产力迅速转移到第三级营养水平。两者都是陆架营养系统整体效率和效果的关键方面。为了探索一组研究人员，他们将确定风力驱动的跨边界运输对浮游动物的分布、行为、饮食和生殖(数字)反应的影响。这项研究将评估浮游动物和以风为主的物理环境之间的直接(运输)和间接(营养)联系。

9908072BollensThis collaborative project, involving eleven investigators at five institutions is under the auspices of the Coastal Ocean Processes (CoOP) Program, and it focuses on the role of wind-driven transport in shelf productivity. Wind-driven continental shelves represent a paradox in that while they are characterized by high productivity due to upward fluxes of nutrients into the euphotic zone, wind forcing also represents negative physical and biological controls via offshore transport and deep (light-limiting) mixing of primary producers. Specifically, upwelling ecosystems along mid-latitude eastern boundaries of the ocean are well known for wind forcing and high productivity at lower trophic levels, with concomitant transport of near-surface plankton offshore. The group of researchers will conduct an interdisciplinary study to examine the roles that wind-driven transport plays in productivity over the shelf off northern California. Research will focus on key processes to explain the integrated functioning of highly productive planktonic systems over eastern boundary shelves in response to wind-driven transport, and specifically, to determine the sensitivity of these processes to both wind intensity and the time scales of wind forcing. Work will also identify specific features of the nutrient-phytoplankton-zooplankton (NPZ) food web that lead to greater or lesser secondary productivity in response to changes in wind forcing.To implement the study, part of the work will examine the 3-dimensional wind-driven circulation of water concurrently with size-structured distributions of phytoplankton and zooplankton species. Other efforts will study the key physical and biological processes that control primary production, zooplankton population responses, and offshore transport of plankton and nutrients over the strongly wind-driven shelf and slope off Bodega Bay. An integrated sampling scheme coupled with appropriate physical-biological models designed to synthesize and guide the fieldwork has been developed. The fieldwork will be comprised of fixed station time-series, ship surveys, drifter releases, and satellite remote sensing. There are two parts to the fieldwork - one focusing on the mooring array off Bodega Bay, and a second involving ship surveys and drifters. The mooring array places emphasis on eulerian measurements of cross-shelf circulation, aiming also to resolve up/downwelling fluxes. The surveys and drifters place emphasis on transformations in the water column, specifically the maturation of upwelled water as it moves away from the mooring site. By combining these data with the synoptic measurements available from satellites and the integrative aspects of the modeling, the project seeks to address all the important processes associated with wind-driven transport. This promises to unravel the paradox of how wind-driven transport supports high levels of productivity over eastern boundary shelf regions.This particular component of the study addresses the zooplankton component of the study -- the impact of both physical transport and primary production on key zooplankton organisms that are capable of either retaining productivity on the shelf or rapidly moving productivity to tertiary trophic levels. Both are key aspects of the overall efficiency and effectiveness of shelf trophic systems. To explore a team of investigators will determine the effects of wind-driven cross-margin transport on zooplankton distribution, behavior, diet and reproductive (numerical) response. The study will assess both direct (transport) and indirect (trophic) connections between zooplankton and the wind-dominated physical environment.