A Biography of Dmitrii Ivanovich Mendeleev (1834-1907)

德米特里·伊万诺维奇·门捷列夫 (1834-1907) 传记

• 批准号: 9911014
• 负责人: Nathan Brooks
• 金额: $ 7.35万
• 依托单位: New Mexico State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-06-01 至 2002-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9911014&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Biography; Dmitrii; Ivanovich; Mendeleev; 1834

SES 99-11014 - Nathan M. Brooks (New Mexico State University) "A Biography of Dmitrii Ivanovich Mendeleev (1834-1907)"This award supports research for a book manuscript examining the life and career of Dmitrii Ivanovich Mendeleev (1834-1907), who is best known as the originator and developer of the Periodic System of the Chemical Elements. One of the high points of nineteenth-century science, the Periodic System had a profound impact on the development of chemistry and physics.Mendeleev was the most important scientist in pre-revolutionary Russia and a leading figure in nineteenth-century European chemistry. He also conducted extensive research in many other fields of science, including work on the boundaries of chemistry and physics, meteorology, geology, geophysics, technology, metrology, the physics of gases, solution theory, and many others. In Russia, Mendeleev's influence spread far beyond science. He acted as a consultant and took an active role in a wide variety of areas, including agriculture, industry, economic policies, and many others. He also served as an informal "science advisor" to many important officials in the Russian government and headed the Russian Central Bureau of Weights and Measures for the last 15 years of his life. In addition, he worked assiduously to promote the authority of science and to create the conditions necessary for the development of a civil society in Russia. In sum, Mendeleev was an important cultural figure who, in various ways, bridged the worlds of science and the wider society in Imperial Russia.However, despite Mendeleev's evident importance to both Russian and world science, there exists no satisfactory biography of Mendeleev in any language, including Russian. The aim of this project is to produce a thorough, archive-based biography of Mendeleev that will bring together the many diverse strands of his work and activities. The biography will situate Mendeleev in the contexts of both Russian history and the history of sciences, based on up-to-date scholarship and original research. Mendeleev's efforts to modernize Russia will be used as a general framework to link together many of the various threads of his life and work, and in turn they will help show the relationship between these threads and the development of science in Russia. The biography will argue that Mendeleev's many cultural, bureaucratic, and scientific activities were grounded in his desire to create a "civil society" in Russia that would replace the crumbling autocratic structure of society. This project will be of interest to a wide audience, including historians of science, Russian historians, natural scientists, and others.

SES 99-11014 - Nathan M. Brooks（新墨西哥州立大学）“门捷列夫传记（1834-1907）”该奖项支持对一本考察门捷列夫（1834-1907）生活和事业的书籍手稿的研究，门捷列夫是化学元素周期制的创始人和开发者。周期制是19世纪科学的一个高潮，它对化学和物理学的发展产生了深远的影响。门捷列夫是革命前俄国最重要的科学家，也是19世纪欧洲化学的领军人物。他还在许多其他科学领域进行了广泛的研究，包括化学和物理、气象学、地质学、地球物理学、技术、计量学、气体物理学、溶液理论等方面的工作。在俄国，门捷列夫的影响远远超出了科学领域。他担任顾问，在农业、工业、经济政策等多个领域发挥积极作用。他还担任过俄罗斯政府许多重要官员的非正式“科学顾问”，并在生命的最后15年里担任俄罗斯中央度量衡局局长。此外，他还努力提高科学的权威，为俄罗斯公民社会的发展创造必要的条件。总而言之，门捷列夫是一个重要的文化人物，他以各种方式连接了俄罗斯帝国的科学世界和更广泛的社会。然而，尽管门捷列夫对俄罗斯和世界科学都有明显的重要性，但没有任何一种语言的门捷列夫传记令人满意，包括俄语。这个项目的目的是制作一部完整的、以档案为基础的门捷列夫传记，将他的工作和活动的许多不同方面汇集在一起。这本传记将门捷列夫置于俄罗斯历史和科学史的背景下，以最新的学术和原创研究为基础。门捷列夫为俄国现代化所做的努力将作为一个总体框架，把他生活和工作中的许多不同的线索联系在一起，反过来，它们将有助于展示这些线索与俄国科学发展之间的关系。这本传记认为，门捷列夫的许多文化、官僚和科学活动都是基于他希望在俄罗斯建立一个“公民社会”，以取代摇摇欲坠的专制社会结构。这个项目将引起广大读者的兴趣，包括科学历史学家、俄罗斯历史学家、自然科学家和其他人。