A Biography of Dmitrii Ivanovich Mendeleev (1834-1907)

SES 99-11014-Nathan M.Brooks(新墨西哥州立大学)《德米特里·伊万诺维奇·门捷列夫(1834年-1907年)传记》该奖支持对一本考察德米特里·伊万诺维奇·门捷列夫(1834年至1907年)生平和职业生涯的书籍手稿的研究，门捷列夫是化学元素周期系统的创始人和开发者。作为19世纪科学的巅峰之一，周期体系对化学和物理学的发展产生了深远的影响。门捷列夫是革命前俄罗斯最重要的科学家和19世纪欧洲化学的领军人物。他还在许多其他科学领域进行了广泛的研究，包括在化学和物理、气象学、地质学、地球物理、技术、计量学、气体物理、溶液理论等许多领域的工作。在俄罗斯，门捷列夫的影响力远远超出了科学范畴。他担任顾问，并在农业、工业、经济政策和许多其他领域发挥了积极作用。他还担任过俄罗斯政府许多重要官员的非正式“科学顾问”，并在其生命的最后15年领导着俄罗斯中央度量局。此外，他还勤奋地促进科学的权威，并为俄罗斯公民社会的发展创造必要的条件。总而言之，门捷列夫是一位重要的文化人物，他以各种方式在俄罗斯帝国的科学界和更广泛的社会之间架起了桥梁。然而，尽管门捷列夫对俄罗斯和世界科学都具有明显的重要性，但包括俄语在内的任何语言都没有令人满意的门捷列夫传记。这个项目的目的是制作一本基于档案的门捷列夫传记，将他的工作和活动的许多不同方面结合在一起。这本传记将门捷列夫置于俄罗斯历史和科学史的背景下，基于最新的学术和原创研究。门捷列夫为俄罗斯现代化所做的努力将被用作一个总的框架，将他生活和工作中的许多不同线索联系在一起，反过来它们将有助于展示这些线索与俄罗斯科学发展之间的关系。这本传记将争辩说，门捷列夫的许多文化、官僚和科学活动都植根于他在俄罗斯创建一个“公民社会”的愿望，以取代摇摇欲坠的社会专制结构。这个项目将引起广大观众的兴趣，包括科学史学家、俄罗斯历史学家、自然科学家和其他人。

SES 99-11014 - Nathan M. Brooks (New Mexico State University) "A Biography of Dmitrii Ivanovich Mendeleev (1834-1907)"This award supports research for a book manuscript examining the life and career of Dmitrii Ivanovich Mendeleev (1834-1907), who is best known as the originator and developer of the Periodic System of the Chemical Elements. One of the high points of nineteenth-century science, the Periodic System had a profound impact on the development of chemistry and physics.Mendeleev was the most important scientist in pre-revolutionary Russia and a leading figure in nineteenth-century European chemistry. He also conducted extensive research in many other fields of science, including work on the boundaries of chemistry and physics, meteorology, geology, geophysics, technology, metrology, the physics of gases, solution theory, and many others. In Russia, Mendeleev's influence spread far beyond science. He acted as a consultant and took an active role in a wide variety of areas, including agriculture, industry, economic policies, and many others. He also served as an informal "science advisor" to many important officials in the Russian government and headed the Russian Central Bureau of Weights and Measures for the last 15 years of his life. In addition, he worked assiduously to promote the authority of science and to create the conditions necessary for the development of a civil society in Russia. In sum, Mendeleev was an important cultural figure who, in various ways, bridged the worlds of science and the wider society in Imperial Russia.However, despite Mendeleev's evident importance to both Russian and world science, there exists no satisfactory biography of Mendeleev in any language, including Russian. The aim of this project is to produce a thorough, archive-based biography of Mendeleev that will bring together the many diverse strands of his work and activities. The biography will situate Mendeleev in the contexts of both Russian history and the history of sciences, based on up-to-date scholarship and original research. Mendeleev's efforts to modernize Russia will be used as a general framework to link together many of the various threads of his life and work, and in turn they will help show the relationship between these threads and the development of science in Russia. The biography will argue that Mendeleev's many cultural, bureaucratic, and scientific activities were grounded in his desire to create a "civil society" in Russia that would replace the crumbling autocratic structure of society. This project will be of interest to a wide audience, including historians of science, Russian historians, natural scientists, and others.