Spatial and Temporal Literacy as a Content Element of Elementary and Middle School Earth Sciences Curriculum

这门K-8课程在已经建立的地球科学内容标准的框架下发展了时空推理技能。使用的教学方法包括应用地理信息系统(GIS)，这是提高学生时空素养的强大媒介，满足了以标准为基础的改革运动，强调以探究为基础的建构主义学习、批判性思维技能、小组学习和科学的跨学科性质。这项新课程是在圣地亚哥州立大学职前教师培训方案与来自当地学区的K-8学生和在职教师之间的互动联系框架内开发和实施的。强大的形成性评估使新课程的迭代开发成为可能。SDSU通识教育计划的K-8职前教师被招募并接受培训，以介绍新的课程材料，同时为职前教师提供“在职培训”，同时学习地球科学内容。圣地亚哥州立大学拥有强大的基础设施来支持课程开发，因为圣地亚哥大都市区的小学和中学都有来自不同种族和社会经济背景的学生。该项目的成果正通过网络、光盘、专业会议和出版物进行传播。

This K-8 curriculum has developed spatial-temporal reasoning skills with the framework of already established Earth Sciences content standards. The instructional methods used include applications of geographic information systems (GIS), which constitutes a powerful medium advancing spatial and temporal literacy of students, and satisfies the standards-based reform movements emphasis on inquiry-based constructivists learning, critical thinking skills, group learning, and the interdisciplinary nature of science. This new curricula is being developed and implemented within the framework of an interactive association between the San Diego State University pre-service teacher training program, and K-8 students and in-service teachers from local school districts. The strong formative assessment allows for iterative development of new curricula. K-8 pre-service teachers from the SDSU Liberal Studies program are recruited and trained to present the new curriculum materials serving the dual purpose of providing "on-the-job-training" for pre-service teachers, while learning Earth Science content. San Diego State University has a strong infrastructure to support curriculum development because the elementary and middle schools in the San Diego metropolitan area include students from diverse ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds. Results of this project are being disseminated via the Web, CD-ROMs, professional meetings and publications.