Genetics, History, and Ethnicity in Daghestan

达吉斯坦的遗传学、历史和种族

• 批准号: 9975449
• 负责人: Henry Harpending
• 金额: $ 18.27万
• 依托单位: University of Utah
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-08-01 至 2002-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9975449&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Genetics; History; Ethnicity; Daghestan

This is a proposal to (1) develop new methods for analyzing gene distributions within and between populations and relating these to population history and relationships, (2) type a large collection of DNA from different ethnic groups from Daghestan, and (3) use these genetic data to study history and relationships of the peoples of the Daghestan region. Genetic methods for studying population history have been compromised by the inability to separate effects of small population size from population genetic isolation. Two populations that separate accumulate differences at a rate proportional to time divided by population size, and the inability to know population size has required researchers to assume equal population sizes for all populations studied. This is not an acceptable assumption. The new availability of large numbers of highly diverse markers will allow the estimation of relative population effective sizes separately from genetic distances among populations, then use the effective size estimates to scale distances. The investigators will type 60 short tandem repeat markers and several hundred Alu marker loci in approximately 400 samples from Daghestan. Short tandem repeats are free from the ascertainment bias that has obscured global patterns of human diversity ascertained from classical markers and single nucleotide polymorphisms. Alu insertions enjoy the property that the ancestral state at the locus, absence of the marker, is always known. This property will be used to disentangle old from recent genetic isolation of populations..

这是一项建议：(1)开发新的方法来分析种群内和种群之间的基因分布，并将其与种群历史和关系联系起来；(2)对来自达吉斯坦不同种族的大量DNA进行分类；以及(3)利用这些遗传数据来研究达吉斯坦地区人民的历史和关系。由于无法区分小种群规模的影响和种群遗传隔离的影响，研究种群历史的遗传方法受到了损害。分开的两个种群以与时间成正比的速度累积差异除以种群大小，而且无法知道种群大小，这要求研究人员假设所有研究种群的种群大小相等。这是一个不可接受的假设。大量高度多样化标记的新出现将允许从群体间的遗传距离中分离出相对群体有效大小的估计，然后使用有效大小估计来衡量距离。研究人员将在来自达吉斯坦的大约400个样本中键入60个短串联重复标记和数百个Alu标记基因座。短串联重复序列没有确证偏差，这种偏差模糊了从经典标记和单核苷酸多态确定的人类多样性的全球模式。ALU插入享有这样的特性，即该位置的祖先状态是不存在标记的，总是已知的。这一特性将被用来从最近的种群遗传隔离中解脱出来。